Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33772223›Full record

ArticleGenetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics2021

Artificial intelligence-assisted phenotype discovery of fragile X syndrome in a population-based sample.

Arezoo Movaghar, David Page, Danielle Scholze, Jinkuk Hong, Leann Smith DaWalt, Finn Kuusisto, Ron Stewart, Murray Brilliant, Marsha Mailick

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Genetic analysis of neurodegenerative diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Review
  2. Fragile X Syndrome in Adulthood: A Study of Electronic Health Records.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Improving Retention of Diverse Samples in Longitudinal Research on Developmental Disabilities.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2023
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Good quality practices for artificial intelligence in genetics.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2022
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Screening forBioMed research international · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Arezoo MovagharWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2156-3991
David PageDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Danielle ScholzeWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Jinkuk HongWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Leann Smith DaWaltWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Finn KuusistoMorgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.
Ron StewartMorgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.
Murray BrilliantWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Marsha MailickWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. marsha.mailick@wisc.edu.
University of Wisconsin–Madison · USMorgridge Institute for Research · USDuke University · USMarshfield Clinic · US

Funding

University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR002373 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ELIZABETH S BURNSIDE, Allan R. Brasier · 2017 to 2026
$75.9M
Institutional Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR000427 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DREZNER, MARC KENNETH · 2012 to 2016
$32.2M
The Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network Phase III Coordinating Center (U01)U01HG008701 · NHGRI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI PETERSON, JOSEPH F. · 2015 to 2019
$7.1M
Waisman Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center Down Syndrome RegistryU54HD090256 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI MESSING, ALBEE · 2016 to 2020
$6.0M
FMR1 Premutation Phenotypes in Population-Based & Clinically-Ascertained SamplesR01HD082110 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Leann Smith DaWalt, MARSHA RUTH MAILICK · 2015 to 2026
$5.1M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000427NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002373NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG008701NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD082110NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD090256
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeFragile X syndrome (FXS), the most prevalent inherited cause of intellectual disability, remains underdiagnosed in the general population. Clinical studies have shown that individuals with FXS have a complex health profile leading to unique clinical needs. However, the full impact of this X-linked disorder on the health of affected individuals is unclear and the prevalence of co-occurring conditions is unknown.

methodsWe mined the longitudinal electronic health records from more than one million individuals to investigate the health characteristics of patients who have been clinically diagnosed with FXS. Additionally, using machine-learning approaches, we created predictive models to identify individuals with FXS in the general population.

resultsOur discovery-oriented approach identified the associations of FXS with a wide range of medical conditions including circulatory, endocrine, digestive, and genitourinary, in addition to mental and neurological disorders. We successfully created predictive models to identify cases five years prior to clinical diagnosis of FXS without relying on any genetic or familial data.

conclusionAlthough FXS is often thought of primarily as a neurological disorder, it is in fact a multisystem syndrome involving many co-occurring conditions, some primary and some secondary, and they are associated with a considerable burden on patients and their families.

Indexed as

Fragile X SyndromeIntellectual DisabilityArtificial IntelligenceHumansMachine LearningPhenotype

Identifiers

PMID33772223
PMCPMC8257481
OpenAlexW3139464320

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.