ArticleBritish journal of cancer2021
Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) downregulates Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) through miR-195 to upregulate apoptosis and PD-L1 expression in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-Coding RNAs as key regulators of interferon signaling in cancer immunotherapy: mechanistic insights and clinical prospects.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Uncovering ShuangZi Powder's Anti-Ovarian Cancer Mechanism: A Systems Biology and Experimental Approach.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- Uncovering cellular perturbations and key mediator communications in liver cancer using single-cell RNA sequencing.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The role of PD‑1/PD‑L1 axis in liver diseases.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Multi-Omics and Experimental Validation Reveal Anti-HCC Mechanisms of Tibetan Liuwei Muxiang Pill and Quercetin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of PRKD3 on cell cycle in gastric cancer progression and downstream regulatory networks.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Pan-cancer analysis of IRF1 focusing on prognostic and immunological roles in non-small cell lung cancer.Heliyon · 2024Article
- The multiple roles of interferon regulatory factor family in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- An inflammatory liquid fingerprint predicting tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.MedComm · 2024Article
- The Role of Interferon Regulatory Factors in Liver Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Key role of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) in regulating liver disease: progress and outlook.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2024Review
- Uncovering essential anesthetics-induced exosomal miRNAs related to hepatocellular carcinoma progression: a bioinformatic investigation.BMC medical genomics · 2024Article
- Interferon-regulatory factor-1 boosts bevacizumab cardiotoxicity by the vascular endothelial growth factor A/14-3-3γ axis.ESC heart failure · 2024Article
- MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Article
- Noninvasive evaluation of PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer by immunoPET imaging using an acylating agent-modified antibody fragment.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2023Article
- MIR497HG-Derived miR-195 and miR-497 Mediate Tamoxifen Resistance via PI3K/AKT Signaling in Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Article
- The current status and future of PD-L1 in liver cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The mechanism and clinical application of DNA damage repair inhibitors combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of urologic cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCHK1 is considered an oncogene with overexpression in numerous cancers. However, CHK1 signalling regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.
methodsCHEK1 mRNA, protein, pri-miR-195 and miR-195 expression in HCC tissue was determined by qPCR, WB and IF staining assay. Survival analyses in HCC with high- and low-CHEK1 mRNA expression was performed using TCGA database. Relative luciferase activity was investigated in HCC cells transfected with p-CHEK1 3'UTR. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. NK and CD8+ T cells were analysed by flow cytometry.
resultsCHK1 is increased in human HCC tumours compared with non-cancerous liver. High CHK1 predicts worse prognosis. IFN-γ suppresses CHK1 via IRF-1 in HCC cells. The molecular mechanism of IRF-1 suppressing CHK1 is post-transcriptional by promoting miR-195 binding to CHEK1 mRNA 3'UTR, which exerts a translational blockade. Upregulated IRF-1 inhibits CHK1, which induces apoptosis of HCC cells. Likewise, CHK1 inhibition augments cellular apoptosis in HCC tumours. This effect may be a result of increased tumour NK cell infiltration. However, IRF-1 expression or CHK1 inhibition also upregulates PD-L1 expression via increased STAT3 phosphorylation.
conclusionsIRF-1 induces miR-195 to suppress CHK1 protein expression. Both increased IRF-1 and decreased CHK1 upregulate cellular apoptosis and PD-L1 expression in HCC.
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