SynthesisBritish journal of cancer2021
Causal effects of gallstone disease on risk of gastrointestinal cancer in Chinese.
Synthesis in British journal of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gastrointestinal traits, common inflammatory disorders, gallstones, and biliary tract cancer: A network Mendelian randomization study.Journal of advanced research · 2026Pooled it
- The Associations Between Gallstone Disease and Pan-Cancer Incidence Risk Based on Over 13 Million Participants.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Association between gallbladder disease and colorectal neoplasia: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Association Between Gallstone Disease and Risk of Mortality of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets · 2024Pooled it
- Gallbladder Cancer: Epidemiology and Prevention.Cancers · 2026Review
- Lipid metabolism and gallstone disease risk: a multicenter study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Better adherence to the life's essential 8 can reduce the risk of gallstone disease: mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Trends and projections of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer in China: a comprehensive analysis from 1990 to 2030 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk: an observational and Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Observational
- Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer burdens in China from 1990 to 2021 and projection to 2044: findings from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Age Differences in the Association of Sleep Duration Trajectory With Cancer Risk and Cancer-Specific Mortality: Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Observational
- Cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy increase the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Gender and activity disparities in the relationship between circadian syndrome and gallstone disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Article
- Genotyping and population characteristics of the China Kadoorie Biobank.Cell genomics · 2023Article
- Association of gallbladder diseases with risk of gastrointestinal polyps.BMC gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy: a 10-year, multi-center, retrospective study in Beijing.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Examination on the risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma: A Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Association Between Metabolic Dysfunction and Gallstone Disease in U.S. Adults: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Journal of digestive diseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGallstone disease (GSD) is associated with a higher risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. However, it is unclear whether the associations are causal.
methodsThe prospective China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) recorded 17,598 cases of GI cancer among 510,137 participants without cancer at baseline during 10 years of follow-up. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for specific cancer by GSD status and duration. Mendelian randomisation was conducted to assess the genetic associations of GSD with specific cancer.
resultsOverall 6% of participants had symptomatic GSD at baseline. Compared with those without GSD, individuals with symptomatic GSD had adjusted HRs of 1.13 (1.01-1.29) for colorectal, 2.01 (1.78-2.26) for liver, 3.70 (2.88-4.87) for gallbladder, 2.31 (1.78-3.07) for biliary tract, and 1.38 (1.18-1.74) for pancreatic cancer. Compared with participants without GSD, the risks of colorectal, liver, gallbladder, biliary tract, and pancreatic cancer were highest during 0 to <5 years following disease diagnosis. There was evidence of genetic associations of GSD with these cancers, with odds ratios per 1-SD genetic score of 1.08 (1.05-1.11) for colorectal, 1.22 (1.19-1.25) for liver, 1.56 (1.49-1.64) for gallbladder, 1.39 (1.31-1.46) for biliary tract, and 1.16 (1.10-1.22) for pancreatic cancer. When meta-analysing the genetic estimates in CKB and UK Biobank, there was evidence of causal associations of GSD with colon cancer, gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (GBTC), and total GI cancer (RR per 1-SD: 1.05 [0.99-1.11], 2.00 [1.91-2.09], and 1.09 [1.05-1.13]).
conclusionsGSD was associated with higher risks of several GI cancers, warranting future studies on the underlying mechanisms.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.