Observational studyBMJ open respiratory research2021
Real-world retrospective observational study exploring the effectiveness and safety of antifibrotics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Observational study in BMJ open respiratory research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between body mass index and prognosis in interstitial lung disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of additional antimicrobial therapy on the outcomes of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Respiratory research · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Real-world persistence with antifibrotic treatments: a nationwide study on claims data in France (The REPEAT study).Respiratory research · 2026Observational
- Adverse side-effects of antifibrotic drugs and outcome of treatment in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Survival impact and safety comparison of pirfenidone and nintedanib for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A meta-analysis.Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG · 2025Article
- Lung Function Course of Patients With Pulmonary Fibrosis After Initiation of Anti-Fibrotic Treatment: Real-World Data From the Dutch National Registry.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2025Article
- Real-world insights into safety, tolerability, and predictive factors of adverse drug reactions in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with pirfenidone and nintedanib.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2025Article
- Real-world treatment persistence and predictive factors for discontinuation of antifibrotic therapies in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: aFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Toll-Like Receptor 9 Aggravates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Promoting NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis of Alveolar Epithelial Cells.Inflammation · 2024Article
- Effect of Antifibrotic Use on Mortality in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Article
- Antifibrotics and mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: external validity and avoidance of immortal time bias.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Body mass index is associated with clinical outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Understanding Patterns of Adherence to Antifibrotic Treatment in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Insights from an Italian Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Effectiveness and tolerability of antifibrotics in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2024Article
- Integrating machine learning with bioinformatics for predicting idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis prognosis: developing an individualized clinical prediction tool.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Overall drug treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients from national registries - a real-world study from Finland.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Design of a phase III, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of BI 1015550 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (FIBRONEER-IPF).BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Article
- A Narrative Review of Real-World Data on the Safety of Nintedanib in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Advances in therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPirfenidone and nintedanib are the only disease-modifying treatments available for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Our aim was to test their effectiveness and safety in clinical practice.
methodsThis is a single-centre retrospective observational study undertaken at a specialised interstitial lung disease centre in England. Data including progression-free survival (PFS), mortality and drug tolerability were compared between patients with IPF on antifibrotic therapies and an untreated control group who had a forced vital capacity percentage (FVC %) predicted within the licensed antifibrotic treatment range.
results104 patients received antifibrotic therapies and 64 control patients were identified. PFS at 6 months was significantly greater in the antifibrotic group (75.0%) compared with the control group (56.3%) (p=0.012). PFS was not significant at 12 or 18 months when comparing the antifibrotic group with the control group. The 12-month post-treatment mean decline in FVC % predicted (-4.6±6.2%) was significantly less than the 12-month pretreatment decline (-10.4±11.8%) (p=0.039). The 12-month mortality rate was not significantly different between the antifibrotic group (25.3%) and the control group (35.5%) (p=0.132). Baseline Body Mass Index of≤25, baseline diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide percentage predicted of ≤35 and antifibrotic discontinuation within 3 months were independent predictors of 12-month mortality. Antifibrotic discontinuation was significantly higher by 3 and 6 months for patients on pirfenidone than those on nintedanib (p=0.006 and p=0.044, respectively). Discontinuation at 12 months was not significantly different (p=0.381).
conclusionsThis real-world study revealed that antifibrotics are having promising effects on PFS, lung function and mortality. These findings may favour commencement of nintedanib as first-line antifibrotic therapy, given the lower rates of early treatment discontinuation, although further studies are required to investigate this.
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