ArticlePreventive medicine2021
U.S. healthcare spending attributable to cigarette smoking in 2014.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interpretation bias modification for hostility to facilitate smoking cessation in a sample with elevated trait anger: A randomized trial.Behaviour research and therapy · 2024Trial
- Predictors of treatment engagement in a group-based, telehealth smoking cessation program.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Targeted Mutations Activate Allosteric Modulation of α5-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Ecological Momentary Assessments in an Incentive-Based Intervention for Smoking Cessation: Predicting Near-Term Engagement and Smoke Status.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Association of Smoking Behavior, Intensity, and Time Since Cessation with Epigenetic Aging Biomarkers: Results from NHANES 1999-2002.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Tobacco and Poly-Tobacco Use as a Function of Sexual Orientation Identity and Sex.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Aged Garlic Extract and Its Bioactive Molecules S-Allyl-Cysteine and S1-Propenyl-Cysteine: A Review Focusing on Evidences Supporting Their Use for Mitigating the Effects of Cigarette Smoking.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Notes From the Field: Enhanced Identification of Tobacco Use Among Adult Medicaid Members - King County, Washington, 2016-2023.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2025Article
- "Unraveling the role ofReceptors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Tobacco Treatment Disparities Among California Medicaid Members With and Without Chronic Disease Who Smoke.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Correlation Among Neighborhood-Level Measures of the Tobacco Retail Environment.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Michigan tobacco cessation champions: A rapid qualitative analysis.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Annual U.S. healthcare expenditures attributable to cigar smoking between 2001 and 2018, overall and by payer.PloS one · 2025Article
- In-patient expenditure between 2011 and 2021 for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a hospital-based multicenter retrospective study in southwest China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Causal Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Hospital Costs.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- The economic cost of direct smoking in South Korea.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- The National and State Tobacco Control Program: Overview of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Efforts to Address Commercial Tobacco Use.Preventing chronic disease · 2024Article
- Behavioral and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Nicotine e-Cigarette Inhalation in Female Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Smoking-Attributable Health Care Expenditures for US Adults With Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- State Medicaid Coverage for Tobacco Cessation Treatments and Barriers to Accessing Treatments - United States, 2018-2022.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCigarette smoking continues to be the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the U.S. Smoking also carries an economic burden, including smoking-attributable healthcare spending. This study assessed smoking-attributable fractions in healthcare spending between 2010 and 2014, overall and by insurance type (Medicaid, Medicare, private, out-of-pocket, other federal, other) and by medical service (inpatient, non-inpatient, prescriptions).
methodsData were obtained from the 2010-2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked to the 2008-2013 National Health Interview Survey. The final sample (n = 49,540) was restricted to non-pregnant adults aged 18 years or older. Estimates from two-part models (multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear models) and data from 2014 national health expenditures were combined to estimate the share of and total (in 2014 dollars) annual healthcare spending attributable to cigarette smoking among U.S. adults. All models controlled for socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and attitudes.
resultsDuring 2010-2014, an estimated 11.7% (95% CI = 11.6%, 11.8%) of U.S. annual healthcare spending could be attributed to adult cigarette smoking, translating to annual healthcare spending of more than $225 billion dollars based on total personal healthcare expenditures reported in 2014. More than 50% of this smoking-attributable spending was funded by Medicare or Medicaid. For Medicaid, the estimated healthcare spending attributable fraction increased more than 30% between 2010 and 2014.
conclusionsCigarette smoking exacts a substantial economic burden in the U.S. Continuing efforts to implement proven population-based interventions have been shown to reduce the health and economic burden of cigarette smoking nationally.
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Registered trials
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