ArticleVaccine2021
COVID-19 vaccine intentions in the United States, a social-ecological framework.
Article in Vaccine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake: A systematic review.Journal of infection and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Acceptance Rate of Covid-19 Vaccine and its Associated Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Encouraging COVID-19 vaccination via an evolutionary theoretical approach: A randomized controlled study in Japan.Patient education and counseling · 2022Trial
- How Partisan Policies Can Shape Health Behaviors: Executive Order Proof-of-Vaccine Mandate Bans Increased COVID-19 Vaccinations.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Building Trust: The Perspectives of COVID-19 Vaccination Efforts among African American Community Health Workers in HHS Region 4.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Perspectives on COVID-19 Vaccination Among Unvaccinated and Under-Vaccinated African American/Black and Latine Frontline Essential Workers: A Qualitative Exploration.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- The perceptions and reactions to COVID-19 among offspring of African immigrants and young adults who migrated to the U.S․.Journal of migration and health · 2025Article
- Article
- Gender, Age and COVID-19 Vaccination Status in African American Adult Faith-Based Congregants in the Southeastern United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Parents' and Caregivers' Support for in-School COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies: A Socioecological Perspective.Health promotion practice · 2024Article
- Investigating the Spatial Accessibility and Coverage of the Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccine: An Ecologic Study of Regional Health Data.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Highly Educated Mother's Perception of Childhood Vaccination Hesitancy in Kazakhstan: A Thematic Analysis.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2024Article
- The politics of vaccination: a closer look at the beliefs, social norms, and prevention behaviors related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake within two US political parties.Psychology, health & medicine · 2024Article
- Understanding the role of risk preferences and perceptions in vaccination decisions and post-vaccination behaviors among U.S. households.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Hesitancy or Resistance? Differential Changes in COVID-19 Vaccination Intention Between Black and White Americans.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- A Scoping Review on Gender/Sex Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions and Uptake in the United States.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2024Article
- Observations of COVID-19 vaccine coverage and vaccine hesitancy on COVID-19 outbreak: An American ecological study.Vaccine · 2024Article
- Dynamic predictors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake and their interconnections over two years in Hong Kong.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Factors in COVID-19 vaccine uptake in five racial/ethnic Colorado communities: A report from the Colorado CEAL project.PloS one · 2024Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCOVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a major obstacle for pandemic mitigation. As vaccine hesitancy occurs along multiple dimensions, we used a social-ecological framework to guide the examination of COVID-19 vaccine intentions.
methodsUsing an online survey in the US conducted in July 2020, we examined intentions to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine, once available. 592 respondents provided data, including measures of demographics, vaccine history, social norms, perceived risk, and trust in sources of COVID-19 information. Bivariate and multivariate multinomial models were used to compare respondents who intended to be vaccinated against COVID-19 to respondents who did not intend or were ambivalent about COVID-19 vaccination.
resultsOnly 59.1% of the sample reported that they intended to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine. In the multivariate multinomial model, those respondents who did not intend to be vaccinated, as compared to those who did, had significantly lower levels of trust in the CDC as a source of COVID-19 information (aOR = 0.29, CI = 0.17-0.50), reported lower social norms of COVID-19 preventive behaviors (aOR = 0.67, CI 0.51-0.88), scored higher on COVID-19 Skepticism (aOR = 1.44, CI = 1.28-1.61), identified as more politically conservative (aOR = 1.23, CI = 1.05-1.45), were less likely to have obtained a flu vaccine in the prior year (aOR = 0.21, CI = 0.11-0.39), were less likely to be female (aOR = 0.51, CI = 0.29-0.87), and were much more likely to be Black compared to White (aOR = 10.70, CI = 4.09-28.1). A highly similar pattern was observed among those who were ambivalent about receiving a COVID-19 vaccine compared to those who intended to receive one.
conclusionThe results of this study suggest several avenues for COVID-19 vaccine promotion campaigns, including social network diffusion strategies and cross-partisan messaging, to promote vaccine trust. The racial and gender differences in vaccine intentions also suggest the need to tailor campaigns based on gender and race.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.