ArticleConflict and health2021
Humanitarian led community-based surveillance: case study in Ekondo-titi, Cameroon.
Article in Conflict and health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Containment and response strategies for mpox outbreaks: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Community-based surveillance of infectious diseases: a systematic review of drivers of success.BMJ global health · 2022Pooled it
- Modeling social and behavioral factors associated with community participation in community-based surveillance of communicable diseases: a cross-sectional study in Kelantan, Malaysia.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2026Article
- Co-creating a decision-making framework for primary healthcare models in conflict-affected Cameroon and Nigeria.BMJ global health · 2026Observational
- Co-creation of community-based innovations to improve access to malaria treatment in conflict-affected regions of Cameroon.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Factors influencing selection of models of primary health care delivery in conflict-affected settings: analysis of surveys from humanitarian organizations in Cameroon and Nigeria.BMC health services research · 2026Observational
- Global health in the face of 'permacrises': why primary health care matters.Primary health care research & development · 2026Article
- The role of community co-designed interventions for malaria prevention and control in conflict-affected communities in Cameroon's Southwest and littoral regions.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Climate-informed surveillance for climate-sensitive infectious diseases in Somalia: early warning systems, policy gaps, and preparedness priorities.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Review
- Understanding stakeholder relationships and local context to build a community-based one health surveillance system in Guinea.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- A confirmatory analysis of the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions questionnaire for community-based surveillance of infectious diseases: a cross-sectional study in Malaysia.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- Use of community-based surveillance to enhance emerging infectious disease intelligence generation in Indonesia.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Rapid response to hemorrhagic fever emergence in Guinea: community-based systems can enhance engagement and sustainability.PloS one · 2025Article
- Community-based mortality surveillance among internally displaced vulnerable populations in Banadir region, Somalia, 2022-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Understanding the delay in identifying Sudan Virus Disease: gaps in integrated disease surveillance and response and community-based surveillance to detect viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda, September 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Leaving no one behind in armed conflict-affected settings of Africa: is universal health coverage a possibility or mirage?Global health research and policy · 2024Review
- Exploring existing malaria services and the feasibility of implementing community engagement approaches amongst conflict-affected communities in Cameroon: a qualitative study.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Community-based surveillance programme evaluation using the platform Nyss implemented by the Somali Red Crescent Society-a mixed methods approach.Conflict and health · 2024Article
- Primary healthcare delivery models in African conflict-affected settings: a systematic review.Conflict and health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCommunity-based surveillance (CBS) has been used successfully in many situations to strengthen existing health systems as well as in humanitarian crises. The Anglophone crisis of Northwest Southwest Cameroon, led to burning of villages, targeting of health personnel and destruction of health facilities which, in combination with distrust for the government services led to a collapse of surveillance for outbreak prone diseases.
methodsWe evaluated the ability of the CBS system to identify suspected cases of outbreak prone diseases (OPD) as compared to the facility-based surveillance, evaluated the timeliness of the CBS system in identifying an OPD, reporting of OPD to District Health Service (DHS) and timeliness in outbreak response. The paper also assessed the collaboration with the DHS and contribution of the CBS system with regards to strengthening the overall surveillance of the health district and also determine the interventions undertaken to contain suspected/confirmed outbreaks.
resultsIn total 9 alerts of suspected OPDs were generated by the CBS system as compared to 0 by the DHS, with 8 investigated, 5 responses and 3 confirmed outbreaks. Average time from first symptoms to alert generation by the CBS system was 7.3 days. Average time lag from alert generation from the CBS to the DHS was 0.3 days which was essentially within 24 h. There was extensive and synergistic collaboration with the DHS. DISCUSSION: CBS generated a higher number of alerts than traditional outbreak reported used in the region, and had timely investigations and if appropriate, responses. Careful selection of CHWs with strong community engagement led to the success of the project, and the use of the mobile health team in situ allowed for rapid responses to potential outbreaks, as well as for feedback to CHWs and communities. CBS was also well utilized for identification of other events, such as displacement and malnutrition.
conclusionIn conflict settings, CBS can help in outbreak identification as well as other events, and a mobile health team is crucial to the success of the CBS due to the ability to rapidly response to generated alerts. The mobile health team provided timely investigation of 8 of 9 alerts generated. Collaboration with existing DHS structures is important for systems strengthening in such settings.
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