ArticleBMC public health2021
Take-home naloxone programs for suspected opioid overdose in community settings: a scoping umbrella review.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06843213 (Teaching Health Promotion and Resilience in Varied Environments), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Teaching Health Promotion and Resilience in Varied Environments: a Peer-led Intervention Following Hospital Discharge
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Priority setting for Canadian Take-Home Naloxone best practice guideline development: an adapted online Delphi method.Harm reduction journal · 2022Guideline
- The effectiveness of the communities that HEAL intervention on reducing non-fatal opioid overdoses: A prespecified secondary analysis of a waitlist cluster control randomized controlled trial.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Trial
- Communities That HEAL Intervention and Mortality Including Polysubstance Overdose Deaths: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Take-home naloxone in multicentre emergency settings: the TIME feasibility cluster RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2024Trial
- Mortality and Causes of Death among Individuals in a National Opioid Agonist Treatment Cohort.European addiction research · 2026Article
- The association between naloxone distribution, buprenorphine treatment and retention and incident high-risk opioid prescribing with opioid overdose death in Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York and Ohio, United States: An exploratory community-level cohort study of data from the HEALing Communities Study.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Observational
- Acute Coronary Syndrome and Recreational Drug Use: A Comprehensive Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- History of Naloxone Possession Among Rural and Urban Individuals Participating in Prison-Based Treatment: An Observational Study.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Observational
- Understanding overdose risk and response in permanent supportive housing: results of focus groups with tenants, staff, and leaders.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Implementation of harm reduction strategies in criminal-legal systems: a scoping review of the literature.Health & justice · 2025Review
- Having naloxone when you need it: Factors associated with owning and carrying naloxone among people who use opioids.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- "I think that that really could benefit a lonely user:" perceptions of overdose response hotlines among people who use opioids.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Are Treatment Services Ready for the Use of Big Data Analytics and AI in Managing Opioid Use Disorder?Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Impact of UNODC/WHO S-O-S (stop-overdose-safely) training on opioid overdose knowledge and attitudes among people at high or low risk of opioid overdose in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Ukraine.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Correlates of stocking naloxone: a cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2024Article
- Price Sensitivity and Information Barriers to the Take-Up of Naloxone.American economic journal. Economic policy · 2024Article
- An individual-based dynamic model to assess interventions to mitigate opioid overdose risk.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Implementation and Evaluation of a Bystander Naloxone Training Course.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Differences in heroin overdose deaths in Australia by age, 2020-2022: Disease and estimated survival times.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Equity of overdose education and naloxone distribution provided in the Kentucky HEALing Communities Study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOpioid related overdoses and overdose deaths continue to constitute an urgent public health crisis. The implementation of naloxone programs, such as 'take-home naloxone' (THN), has emerged as a key intervention in reducing opioid overdose deaths. These programs aim to train individuals at risk of witnessing or experiencing an opioid overdose to recognize an opioid overdose and respond with naloxone. Naloxone effectively reverses opioid overdoses on a physiological level; however, there are outstanding questions on community THN program effectiveness (adverse events, dosing requirements, dose-response between routes of administration) and implementation (accessibility, availability, and affordability). The objective of this scoping review is to identify existing systematic reviews and best practice guidelines relevant to clinical and operational guidance on the distribution of THN.
methodsUsing the Arksey & O'Malley framework for scoping reviews, we searched both academic literature and grey literature databases using keywords (Naloxone) AND (Overdose) AND (Guideline OR Review OR Recommendation OR Toolkit). Only documents which had a structured review of evidence and/or provided summaries or recommendations based on evidence were included (systematic reviews, meta-analyses, scoping reviews, short-cut or rapid reviews, practice/clinical guidelines, and reports). Data were extracted from selected evidence in two key areas: (1) study identifiers; and (2) methodological characteristics.
resultsA total of 47 articles met inclusion criteria: 20 systematic reviews; 10 grey literature articles; 8 short-cut or rapid reviews; 4 scoping reviews; and 5 other review types (e.g. mapping review and comprehensive reviews). The most common subject themes were: naloxone effectiveness, safety, provision feasibility/acceptability of naloxone distribution, dosing and routes of administration, overdose response after naloxone administration, cost-effectiveness, naloxone training and education, and recommendations for policy, practice and gaps in knowledge.
conclusionsSeveral recent systematic reviews address the effectiveness of take-home naloxone programs, naloxone dosing/route of administration, and naloxone provision models. Gaps remain in the evidence around evaluating cost-effectiveness, training parameters and strategies, and adverse events following naloxone administration. As THN programs continue to expand in response to opioid overdose deaths, this review will contribute to understanding the evidence base for policy and THN program development and expansion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.