ArticleBMC psychiatry2021
Parental bonding styles in schizophrenia, depressive and bipolar patients: a comparative study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- The second digital divide mediates the association between parental rearing style and depression, anxiety and their comorbidity among college students: a latent profile and mediation analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Association between maternal overprotection and premenstrual disorder: a machine learning based exploratory study.BioPsychoSocial medicine · 2025Article
- Caregivers' Experience of Supporting Deaf Adults with Mental Health Disorders in Ghana.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Impact of psychosocial stress on facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia and controls: an experimental study in a forensic sample.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Sex-related differences in parental rearing patterns in young adults with bipolar disorder.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effect of the emotional valence of autobiographical memory and parental bonding on depressive symptoms in a community sample.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The relationship between moral judgment ability, parenting style, and perfectionism in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients: A mediating analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Sex-specific role of alexithymia in associations between parental bonding and mental health: A moderated mediation model.Journal of clinical psychology · 2023Article
- Parental Bonding and Children's Psychopathology: A Transgenerational View Point.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The association of different parenting styles among depressed parents and their offspring's depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
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Abstract
backgroundNumerous bio-psychosocial factors play a role in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. In this regard, the relationship between parents and their children is significantly involved in developing the offspring mental health. However, there is no clear-cut answer as to which parental bonding style is more strongly associated with psychiatric diseases of patients. This study aimed to compare parental bonding styles in patients with schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder in Bushehr province, Iran in 2018.
methodsIn this cross-sectional comparative study, 130 patients with schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder who referred to four outpatients psychiatric centers in Bushehr were selected using quota sampling. The patients were assessed and compared in terms of parental bonding styles. Data were collected using a valid and reliable parental bonding instrument (PBI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (ver. 22), Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests at a significant level of 0.05.
resultsResults showed that the optimal parental bonding style (low control, high care) in bipolar disorder (43.05%), major depression (47.7%), and schizophrenia (38.5%) was the most prevalent style of parental bonding; however, 62.30% of the above patients suffered from inefficient paternal bonding styles and 51.53% from inefficient maternal bonding styles. Furthermore, the patients' maternal bonding styles were significantly different (p = 0.007) while their paternal bonding styles did not show any significant differences (p = 0.848).
conclusionsMost of the patients with psychiatric disorders were affected by ineffective parenting styles. The results also confirmed that despite the several bio-psycho-social factors involved in the development of psychiatric disorders, the crucial roles of parents, especially mothers, should not be ignored. It was further suggested that parents and parental bonding were important and fundamental factors for mental health promotion.
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