Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33770891›Full record

SynthesisThe Science of the total environment2021

Chronic environmental contamination: A systematic review of psychological health consequences.

Harrison J Schmitt, Eric E Calloway, Daniel Sullivan, Whitney Clausen, Pamela G Tucker, Jamie Rayman, Ben Gerhardstein

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The Science of the total environment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
11.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Associations Between Perceived Tap Water Safety and Dietary Outcomes Among US Adults.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Psychosocial distress among individuals residing in a rural PFAS-contaminated community.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Residential Proximity, Duration, and Health-Related Quality of Life: Insights from the Fernald Cohort.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  11. Living Near Contamination: The Impacts on Personal Well-Being.Applied research in quality of life · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Mental health of UK firefighters.Scientific reports · 2023
    Article
  16. Making sense of the delegitimation experiences of people suffering from indoor air problems in their homes.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2022
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Harrison J SchmittDepartment of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E University Blvd. Building 68, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Electronic address: hschmitt@email.arizona.edu.
Eric E CallowayGretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 8401 W Dodge Rd, Omaha, NE 68114, USA. Electronic address: ecalloway@centerfornutrition.org.
Daniel SullivanDepartment of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E University Blvd. Building 68, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Electronic address: swolf22@email.arizona.edu.
Whitney ClausenGretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 8401 W Dodge Rd, Omaha, NE 68114, USA. Electronic address: wclausen@centerfornutrition.org.
Pamela G TuckerAgency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Electronic address: pgt0@cdc.gov.
Jamie RaymanAgency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Electronic address: fpe7@cdc.gov.
Ben GerhardsteinAgency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Electronic address: fty9@cdc.gov.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry · USSwanson Center · USUniversity of Arizona · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We sought to undertake a systematic review to assess the current research and to provide a platform for future research on the psychological health impact of chronic environmental contamination (CEC). CEC is the experience of living in an area where hazardous substances are known or perceived to be present in air, water, or soil at elevated levels for a prolonged and unknown period of time. We employed a systematic review approach to assess the psychological health impact of CEC in literature from 1995 to 2019, and conducted a meta-analysis of available findings (k = 60, N = 25,858) on the impact of CEC on anxiety, general stress, depression, and PTSD. We also present a narrative synthesis of findings that suggest risk factors for the experience of psychological health impacts in the wake of CEC. Likely factors increasing risk for elevated psychological health impact from CEC experience are institutional delegitimization of community concerns and the real or perceived presence of health effects from CEC. The meta-analyses observed small-to-medium effects of experiencing CEC on anxiety, general stress, depression, and PTSD. However, there was also evident risk of bias in the data. Our review suggests that psychological health in the context of CEC is an important potential public health burden and a key area for future improved research.

Indexed as

AnxietyMental HealthStress, PsychologicalChronic environmental contaminationMental healthStress

Identifiers

PMID33770891
PMCPMC8091498
OpenAlexW3127346653

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.