ArticleEnvironment international2021
Do flame retardant concentrations change in dust after older upholstered furniture is replaced?
Article in Environment international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Has Regulatory Action Reduced Human Exposure to Flame Retardants?Environmental science & technology · 2023Pooled it
- Exploring the mechanism by which triphenyl phosphate promotes malignant phenotypes in bladder and kidney cancer through MMP9 based on bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Flame retardant biomarker changes with furniture replacement after flammability standard update.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026Article
- Housing characteristics, dietary patterns, and sociodemographic characteristics as predictors of persistent organic pollutant exposure among African American pregnant women in Atlanta.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Children's exposure to chemical contaminants: Demographic disparities and associations with the developing basal ganglia.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Trends in NHANES Biomonitored Exposures in California and the United States following Enactment of California's Proposition 65.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Children's exposure to brominated flame retardants in the home: The TESIE study.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Opportunities in Assessing and Regulating Organohalogen Flame Retardants (OFRs) as a Class in Consumer Products.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Methodologies for the collection of parameters to estimate dust/soil ingestion for young children.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- A review of critical residential buildings parameters and activities when investigating indoor air quality and pollutants.Indoor air · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Upholstered furniture has been a major source of chemical flame retardant (FR) exposures in US homes since the 1970s. FRs are a large group of chemicals, many of which are associated with adverse health effects, including cancer, reproductive toxicity, and neurotoxicity. California homes have some of the highest dust concentrations of FRs, due to Technical Bulletin 117 (TB117), California's outdated flammability standard for furniture foam that was generally followed across the US and Canada. In 2014, this standard was updated to a smolder standard for furniture fabric called TB117-2013, and it is no longer reliant on FRs. This update provided an opportunity to measure differences in FR dust levels in California homes before and after residents replaced older upholstered furniture, or its foam, with products that met the new standard and were expected to be FR-free. We collected dust from homes of participants who had plans to replace older upholstered furniture, or furniture foam, with FR-free options. We returned for follow-up dust collection six, 12, and 18 months following replacement. Concentrations of three polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100), three chlorinated organophosphate ester FRs (tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP)), and one aryl organophosphate ester FR triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), were widely detected in participant homes. All measured FRs decreased in nearly all homes after the older upholstered furniture was replaced. The decreases in FRs were significant in both homes that replaced entire pieces of furniture and those that replaced only the furniture foam. This study demonstrates that replacing older upholstered furniture or foam significantly reduces concentrations of a range of FRs in the home. Foam replacement offers a potentially more economic alternative that produces a lower volume of waste.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.