ArticlePloS one2021
Risk factors for in-hospital mortality in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients in the Netherlands: A competing risk survival analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Survival analysis and mortality predictors of COVID-19 across the six-wave pattern of the pandemic in Monastir, Tunisia : COVID-19 mortality predictors in Monastir across six waves.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sleep apnea is associated with reduced in-hospital mortality in patients admitted for acute heart disease.PloS one · 2025Article
- A national population-based study of mortality and risk factors in COVID-19-hospitalized patients in Spain (2020-2021).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Survival of hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Hawassa, Ethiopia: a cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A survival analysis of socio-demographic and clinical predictors among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Southern Iran.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Observational
- The analysis of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality: A competing risk approach or a cure model?Statistical methods in medical research · 2022Article
- Handling death as an intercurrent event in time to recovery analysis in COVID-19 treatment clinical trials.Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Article
- Incidence and risk factors associated with surgical site infection after surgically treated hip fractures in older adults: a retrospective cohort study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2022Article
- Neurological Prognostic Factors in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Prediction of mortality in COVID-19 through combing CT severity score with NEWS, qSOFA, or peripheral perfusion index.The American journal of emergency medicine · 2021Article
- Survival of COVID-19 with Multimorbidity Patients.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Characteristics, management, and prognosis of elderly patients with COVID-19 admitted in the ICU during the first wave: insights from the COVID-ICU study : Prognosis of COVID-19 elderly critically ill patients in the ICU.Annals of intensive care · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundTo date, survival data on risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in western Europe is limited, and none of the published survival studies have used a competing risk approach. This study aims to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients in the Netherlands, considering recovery as a competing risk.
methodsIn this observational multicenter cohort study we included adults with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection that were admitted to one of five hospitals in the Netherlands (March to May 2020). We performed a competing risk survival analysis, presenting cause-specific hazard ratios (HRCS) for the effect of preselected factors on the absolute risk of death and recovery.
results1,006 patients were included (63.9% male; median age 69 years, IQR: 58-77). Patients were hospitalized for a median duration of 6 days (IQR: 3-13); 243 (24.6%) of them died, 689 (69.9%) recovered, and 74 (7.4%) were censored. Patients with higher age (HRCS 1.10, 95% CI 1.08-1.12), immunocompromised state (HRCS 1.46, 95% CI 1.08-1.98), who used anticoagulants or antiplatelet medication (HRCS 1.38, 95% CI 1.01-1.88), with higher modified early warning score (MEWS) (HRCS 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18), and higher blood LDH at time of admission (HRCS 6.68, 95% CI 1.95-22.8) had increased risk of death, whereas fever (HRCS 0.70, 95% CI 0.52-0.95) decreased risk of death. We found no increased mortality risk in male patients, high BMI or diabetes.
conclusionOur competing risk survival analysis confirms specific risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in a the Netherlands, which can be used for prediction research, more intense in-hospital monitoring or prioritizing particular patients for new treatments or vaccination.
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