ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2021
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Canada: Content Analysis of Tweets Using the Theoretical Domains Framework.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A taxonomy of anti-vaccination arguments from a systematic literature review and text modelling.Nature human behaviour · 2023Pooled it
- The Prevalence, Features, Influencing Factors, and Solutions for COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- "As soon as it's trying to be persuasive, my skepticism kicks in": A qualitative study to co-design vaccine communication strategies with vaccine hesitant adults in Canada.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Individual and Environmental Correlations with Vaccination Status in Canada: The COHESION study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Black, East Asian, and Eastern European Diasporic Communities in Toronto: A Scoping Review.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2026Article
- Interactive, Personalized Patient Decision Aid for COVID-19 Vaccination in Canada: User-Centered Design Approach.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- The impact of COVID-19 vaccine distribution channels on equity-deserving populations: a Canadian population-based cohort study using administrative data.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Digital epidemiology and public health surveillance: scientometric mapping of emerging technologies and challenges (2000-2025).Frontiers in digital health · 2026Review
- Yes stormtrooper, these are the droids you are looking for: Identifying and preliminarily evaluating bot and fraud detection strategies in online psychological research.Psychological methods · 2025Article
- Boost your health (Refuerza tu Salud): Design of a randomized controlled trial of a community health worker intervention to reduce inequities in COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Trust in official information as a key predictor of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: evidence from a Czech longitudinal survey study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- A thematic analysis of UK COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy discussions on Twitter.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Who is perceived to be an expert on COVID-19 vaccines on social media?: Biomedical credentials confer expertise, even among vaccine-hesitant and Conservative observers.Information, communication and society · 2025Article
- Perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination and factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among indigenous peoples in Quebec, Canada: Insights from a facebook posts and comments analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Creating a Culturally Safe Online Data Collection Instrument to Measure Vaccine Confidence Among Indigenous Youth: Indigenous Consensus Method.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Determinants of Non-Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine During Pregnancy in Pregnant and Postpartum Women: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of family & reproductive health · 2024Article
- Article
- Perceived experts are prevalent and influential within an antivaccine community on Twitter.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith the approval of two COVID-19 vaccines in Canada, many people feel a sense of relief, as hope is on the horizon. However, only about 75% of people in Canada plan to receive one of the vaccines.
objectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine the reasons why people in Canada feel hesitant toward receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.
methodsWe screened 3915 tweets from public Twitter profiles in Canada by using the search words "vaccine" and "COVID." The tweets that met the inclusion criteria (ie, those about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy) were coded via content analysis. Codes were then organized into themes and interpreted by using the Theoretical Domains Framework.
resultsOverall, 605 tweets were identified as those about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy stemmed from the following themes: concerns over safety, suspicion about political or economic forces driving the COVID-19 pandemic or vaccine development, a lack of knowledge about the vaccine, antivaccine or confusing messages from authority figures, and a lack of legal liability from vaccine companies. This study also examined mistrust toward the medical industry not due to hesitancy, but due to the legacy of communities marginalized by health care institutions. These themes were categorized into the following five Theoretical Domains Framework constructs: knowledge, beliefs about consequences, environmental context and resources, social influence, and emotion.
conclusionsWith the World Health Organization stating that one of the worst threats to global health is vaccine hesitancy, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of the reasons behind this reluctance. By using a behavioral science framework, this study adds to the emerging knowledge about vaccine hesitancy in relation to COVID-19 vaccines by analyzing public discourse in tweets in real time. Health care leaders and clinicians may use this knowledge to develop public health interventions that are responsive to the concerns of people who are hesitant to receive vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.