ArticleSleep2021
Obstructive sleep apnea treatment and dementia risk in older adults.
Article in Sleep, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term effects on clinical event, mental health, and related outcomes of CPAP for obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Association between sleep apnoea and risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of cohort-based studies.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Pooled it
- Treatment effect of head extension by cervical collar on moderate obstructive sleep apnea-A randomized controlled trial.Journal of sleep research · 2025Trial
- Untreated obstructive sleep apnea and accelerated cognitive decline over 10 years.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Using observational data to investigate cognitive outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea treatment: a scoping review.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Intelligent nanoliposome ameliorate chronic intermittent hypoxia-mediated neuronal injury via a dual regulation microglial inflammation strategy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Astrocytes at the crossroads of obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease: from oxygen sensing to neurodegeneration.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Review
- Systematic Review on the Association Between Sleep and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: An Evolutionary Perspective.Evolutionary applications · 2026Review
- Sleep disorders and sleep behaviors as predictors of neurodegenerative diseases.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Sleep disturbances and Alzheimer's disease: a multiscale approach from exposome to neurobiology and precision medicine.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Prevention of cognitive decline and dementia: Current evidence on lifestyle factors and dietary patterns.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Sleep disorders and sleep medications as risk factors for dementia in kidney transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort study.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2025Article
- Elevated IGFBP4 and Cognitive Impairment in a PTFE-Induced Mouse Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Impact of Cognitive Impairment on Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2025Review
- Prevalence and predictors of obstructive sleep apnea in collegiate football players.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Article
- Sleep as the Foundation of Brain Health.Seminars in neurology · 2025Review
- Tailoring implementation strategies for the healthy actions and lifestyles to Avoid Dementia or Hispanos y el ALTo a la Demencia Program: Lessons learned from a survey study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Association of ethylene oxide exposure and obstructive sleep apnea.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Symptom subtype progression in obstructive sleep apnea over 5 years.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesTo examine associations between positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, adherence and incident diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia not otherwise specified (DNOS) in older adults.
methodsThis retrospective study utilized Medicare 5% fee-for-service claims data of 53,321 beneficiaries, aged 65 and older, with an obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis prior to 2011. Study participants were evaluated using ICD-9 codes for neurocognitive syndromes (AD [n = 1,057], DNOS [n = 378], and MCI [n = 443]) that were newly identified between 2011 and 2013. PAP treatment was defined as the presence of at least one durable medical equipment (Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System [HCPCS]) code for PAP supplies. PAP adherence was defined as at least two HCPCS codes for PAP equipment, separated by at least 1 month. Logistic regression models, adjusted for demographic and health characteristics, were used to estimate associations between PAP treatment or adherence and new AD, DNOS, and MCI diagnoses.
resultsIn this sample of Medicare beneficiaries with OSA, 59% were men, 90% were non-Hispanic whites and 62% were younger than 75 years. The majority (78%) of beneficiaries with OSA were prescribed PAP (treated), and 74% showed evidence of adherent PAP use. In adjusted models, PAP treatment was associated with lower odds of incident diagnoses of AD and DNOS (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.69 to 0.89; and OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.85). Lower odds of MCI, approaching statistical significance, were also observed among PAP users (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.02). PAP adherence was associated with lower odds of incident diagnoses of AD (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.76).
conclusionsPAP treatment and adherence are independently associated with lower odds of incident AD diagnoses in older adults. Results suggest that treatment of OSA may reduce the risk of subsequent dementia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.