Trial reportMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2021
Disability improvement as a clinically relevant outcome in clinical trials of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.
Trial report in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Cross-sectional brain volumetric measures and disability outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Outcomes After Acute Plasma Exchange for Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.Neurology · 2025Article
- Twenty years of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis: lessons learned and future outlook.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Review
- Safety and efficacy with alemtuzumab over 13 years in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: final results from the open-label TOPAZ study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Article
- Bioavailable central nervous system disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Early use of high-efficacy disease‑modifying therapies makes the difference in people with multiple sclerosis: an expert opinion.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Slowly Expanding Lesions Predict 9-Year Multiple Sclerosis Disease Progression.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDisease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can reduce the risk of disability worsening in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS). High-efficacy DMTs can lead to confirmed or sustained disability improvement (CDI and SDI). OBJECTIVE AND
methodsPost hoc analyses of data from the TRANSFORMS, FREEDOMS, and FREEDOMS II trials and their extensions assessed the effects of fingolimod (0.5-1.25 mg/day) on stabilizing or improving disability over ⩽8 years in participants with RMS. CDI and SDI rates were compared between participants initially randomized to fingolimod, interferon (IFNβ-1a), or placebo.
resultsAt 8 years' follow-up in TRANSFORMS, 35.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.2%-43.1%) of assessed participants in the IFNβ-1a-fingolimod switch group and 41.9% (36.6%-47.6%) on continuous fingolimod experienced CDI; disability did not worsen in approximately 70%. Similar results were seen in the combined FREEDOMS population. Proportionally fewer TRANSFORMS participants achieved SDI in the IFNβ-1a-fingolimod switch group than on continuous fingolimod (5.4% [3.0%-9.5%] vs 14.2% [10.8%-18.4%],
conclusionCDI and SDI are outcomes of interest for clinical trials and for long-term follow-up of participants with RMS. Monitoring CDI and SDI in addition to disability worsening may facilitate understanding of the therapeutic benefit of RMS treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.