ArticlePlant biotechnology journal2021
The chromosome-scale reference genome of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) provides insights into linoleic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis.
Article in Plant biotechnology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Isolation, Characterization, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- BSA-seq integrated with transcriptomics and metabolomics revealing the candidate genes associated with safflower colors and flavonoid glycosides biosynthesis.Horticulture research · 2026Article
- Localization and Functional Analysis of CtLTP8, an Extracellular Vesicle Protein That Enhances Resistance toPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comprehensive characterization of safflower cytochrome P450 family and the role of CtCYP41 in flavonoid biosynthesis and drought response.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- CtTLP13 Located in Extracellular Vesicles Enhances the Resistance of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) to Botrytis cinerea.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- Integrative GWAS and transcriptomic analyses identify candidate genes associated with oil content and fatty acid composition in safflower.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Article
- CtChi19: a valuable gene for improving resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata in Carthamus tinctorius.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Genome wide association studies reveal candidate genes for salt tolerance in safflower (Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- EMS-induced genomic variation and QTL-seq analysis of safflower spininess through whole genome sequencing (WGS).BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Comparative Study of Fatty Acid Desaturase (FAD) Members Reveals Their Differential Roles in Upland Cotton.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Advancing nutritional quality in oilseed crops through genome editing: a comprehensive review.GM crops & food · 2025Review
- Evolution of terpene synthases in the sesquiterpene biosynthesis pathway and analysis of their transcriptional regulatory network in Asteraceae.Horticulture research · 2025Article
- Exogenous Sucrose Improves the Vigor of Aged Safflower Seeds by Mediating Fatty Acid Metabolism and Glycometabolism.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of RAD-seq methods for SNP discovery and genetic diversity assessment in oil seed crop safflower.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of hydroxysafflor yellow A.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Research Progress of Genomics Applications in Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants: A Case Study in Safflower.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genome-wide identification and functional analyses of the TCP gene family in Carthamus tinctorius L.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The chromosome-scale genomes of two cultivated safflowers (Carthamus tinctorius) provide insights into the genetic diversity resulting from domestication.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
- Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of WRKY transcription factors under abiotic stresses in Carthamus tinctorius L.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), a member of the Asteraceae, is a popular crop due to its high linoleic acid (LA) and flavonoid (such as hydroxysafflor yellow A) contents. Here, we report the first high-quality genome assembly (contig N50 of 21.23 Mb) for the 12 pseudochromosomes of safflower using single-molecule real-time sequencing, Hi-C mapping technologies and a genetic linkage map. Phyloge nomic analysis showed that safflower diverged from artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) approximately 30.7 and 60.5 million years ago, respectively. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that uniquely expanded gene families in safflower were enriched for those predicted to be involved in lipid metabolism and transport and abscisic acid signalling. Notably, the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) and chalcone synthase (CHS) families, which function in the LA and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, respectively, were expanded via tandem duplications in safflower. CarFAD2-12 was specifically expressed in seeds and was vital for high-LA content in seeds, while tandemly duplicated CarFAD2 genes were up-regulated in ovaries compared to CarFAD2-12, which indicates regulatory divergence of FAD2 in seeds and ovaries. CarCHS1, CarCHS4 and tandem-duplicated CarCHS5˜CarCHS6, which were up-regulated compared to other CarCHS members at early stages, contribute to the accumulation of major flavonoids in flowers. In addition, our data reveal multiple alternative splicing events in gene families related to fatty acid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Together, these results provide a high-quality reference genome and evolutionary insights into the molecular basis of fatty acid and flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.