ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2021
Appetite-regulating hormone trajectories and relationships with fat mass development in term-born infants during the first 6 months of life.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sexual dimorphism of leptin and adiposity in children between 0 and 10 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Biology of sex differences · 2022Pooled it
- Metabolic and hormonal serum markers in early childhood: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial during infancy evaluating a modified, low-protein infant formula.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2026Trial
- Disordered pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormone responses to nutrient stimulation in Zambian children with severe acute malnutrition.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Adolescent mothers' body composition and metabolic hormones (adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin) in blood and human milk: associations with infant body composition.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- The Association of Human Milk Appetite-Regulating Hormones with Infant Growth and Eating Behaviors to Age Six Months.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Human milk cortisol is inversely associated with infant BMI and mediates the association between maternal plasma and infant salivary cortisol concentrations.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Observational
- The Regulation of Energy Intake in Infancy: A Narrative Review.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Selected Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Adipokines in Colostrum from Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Observational
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Colostral Appetite-Regulating Adipokines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Associations between maternal adiposity and appetite-regulating hormones in human milk are mediated through maternal circulating concentrations and might affect infant outcomes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- The ghrelin system follows a precise post-natal development in mini-pigs that is not impacted by dietary medium chain fatty-acids.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Biogenic Phytochemicals Modulating Obesity: From Molecular Mechanism to Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Review
- Fat mass and fat-free mass track from infancy to childhood: New insights in body composition programming in early life.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2021Article
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8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe first 6 months of life are a critical window for adiposity programming. Appetite-regulating hormones (ARH) are involved in food intake regulation and might, therefore, play a role in adiposity programming. Studies examining ARH in early life are limited. PURPOSE: To investigate ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and leptin until 6 months and associations with fat mass percentage (FM%), infant feeding and human milk macronutrients. PROCEDURES: In 297 term-born infants (Sophia Pluto Cohort), ghrelin (acylated), PYY and leptin were determined at 3 and 6 months, with FM% measurement by PEAPOD. Exclusive breastfeeding (BF) was classified as BF ≥ 3 months. Human milk macronutrients were analyzed (MIRIS Human Milk Analyzer). MAIN
findingsGhrelin increased from 3 to 6 months (p < 0.001), while PYY decreased (p < 0.001), resulting in increasing ghrelin/PYY ratio. Leptin decreased. Leptin at 3 months was higher in girls, other ARH were similar between sexes. Leptin at 3 and 6 months correlated with FM% at both ages(R ≥ 0.321, p ≤ 0.001) and gain in FM% from 1 to 6 months(R ≥ 0.204, p = 0.001). In BF infants, also ghrelin and ghrelin/PYY ratio correlated with this gain in FM%. Exclusively BF infants had lower ghrelin and higher PYY compared to formula fed infants at 3 months (p ≤ 0.039). ARH did not correlate with macronutrients.
conclusionsIncreasing ghrelin and decreasing PYY, thus increasing ghrelin/PYY ratio, suggests an increasing orexigenic drive until 6 months. ARH were different between BF and FF infants at 3 months, but did not correlate with human milk macronutrients. Ghrelin and leptin, but not PYY, correlated with more FM development during the first 6 months, suggesting that they might be involved in adiposity programming.
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