Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33768239›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of heredity2021

A Fast and Efficient Single-stranded Genomic Library Preparation Method Optimized for Ancient DNA.

Joshua D Kapp, Richard E Green, Beth Shapiro

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of heredity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
109citing papers in PubMed
8.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

109 citing papers in PubMed, 193 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. Ancient wheat DNA: How and what for?Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026
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  14. Persistent trade-offs balance competition and colonization across centuries.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  16. Ancient DNA from shells reveals delayed genomic erosion and rapid immune adaptation in the critically endangered black abalone.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Joshua D KappDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-4156-3657
Richard E GreenDepartment of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA.
Beth ShapiroDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-2733-7776
University of California, Santa Cruz · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We present a protocol to prepare extracted DNA for sequencing on the Illumina sequencing platform that has been optimized for ancient and degraded DNA. Our approach, the Santa Cruz Reaction or SCR, uses directional splinted ligation of Illumina's P5 and P7 adapters to convert natively single-stranded DNA and heat denatured double-stranded DNA into sequencing libraries in a single enzymatic reaction. To demonstrate its efficacy in converting degraded DNA molecules, we prepare 5 ancient DNA extracts into sequencing libraries using the SCR and 2 of the most commonly used approaches for preparing degraded DNA for sequencing: BEST, which targets and converts double-stranded DNA, and ssDNA2.0, which targets and converts single-stranded DNA. We then compare the efficiency with which each approach recovers unique molecules, or library complexity, given a standard amount of DNA input. We find that the SCR consistently outperforms the BEST protocol in recovering unique molecules and, despite its relative simplicity to perform and low cost per library, has similar performance to ssDNA2.0 across a wide range of DNA inputs. The SCR is a cost- and time-efficient approach that minimizes the loss of unique molecules and makes accessible a taxonomically, geographically, and a temporally broader sample of preserved remains for genomic analysis.

Indexed as

DNA, AncientHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingGene LibraryGenomic LibrarySequence Analysis, DNADNA, Ancientdegraded DNAgenomicsnext generation sequencing

Identifiers

PMID33768239
PMCPMC8141684
OpenAlexW3137236105

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.