ArticleHeliyon2021
Particle size penetration rate and effects of smoke and smokeless tobacco products - An invitro analysis.
Article in Heliyon, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Physical and chemical characterization of smokeless tobacco products in India.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Utilization of tobacco products is a global epidemic that causes a health threat among the adolescents and adults of the world. If the current pattern perpetuates, it is estimated to cause 10 million deaths each year by 2020. According to the 2009-2010 survey by Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 53.5% of Indians use tobacco products (66.2% of men and 40% of women). Cancers of the lip and oral cavity are highly frequent in Southern Asia (eg: India and Sri Lanka) and it is also the leading cause of cancer death among men in India and Sri Lanka. AIM AND
objectivesThe aim of the study is to evaluate the particle size, and assess the penetration rate in egg shell membrane and proliferation rate using cell lines among 4 commercially available tobacco products. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 4 tobacco product samples namely Gutka, Khaini, Beedi and Cigarette was used to analyse the particle size using High resolution Scanning electron microscopy, the penetration rate on egg shell membrane using Spectroflurometry and proliferative rate using ELISA on cell lines respectively.
resultsKhaini revealed the smallest particle size and highest penetration and proliferation rate compared to Gutka, Beedi and Cigarette.
conclusionCurrent evidence shows that individuals who consume Khaini are at high risk to develop potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma when compared to Gutka, Beedi and Cigarette (in the order of occurrence).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.