ArticleCell death & disease2021
The critical role of FXR is associated with the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis in the progression of AKI to CKD.
Article in Cell death & disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research progress and trends in traditional Chinese medicine for chronic kidney disease since the 21st century: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Targeting YAP: mechanistic breakthroughs and therapeutic prospects in reversing organ fibrosis.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Bile Acids and the Gut-X Axis: TCM-Mediated Systemic Protection and Therapeutic Opportunities for Multi-Organ Diseases.Metabolites · 2026Review
- NR1H4 downregulation facilitates abnormal cell proliferation contributing to IgA nephropathy pathogenesis, with potential clinical implications.Human cell · 2026Article
- Small molecules targeting regulated cell death for chronic kidney disease therapy.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Purpurin Rescues Contrast-Induced Acute Rat Kidney Injury via Inducing Autophagy and Inhibiting Apoptosis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ginsenoside Rb1 targets the NRF2-PPARγ-ACSL4 axis to inhibit PTECs ferroptosis.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- FXR acts as a therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis via suppressing ferroptosis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- The role of the farnesoid X receptor in diabetes and its complications.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Dynamic regulation of proximal tubular autophagy from injury to repair after ischemic kidney damage.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Article
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- The pro-fibrotic role of autophagy in renal intrinsic cells: mechanisms and therapeutic potential in chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Regulon analysis identifies protective FXR and CREB5 in proximal tubules in early diabetic kidney disease.BMC nephrology · 2023Article
- Loss of renal tubular G9a benefits acute kidney injury by lowering focal lipid accumulation via CES1.EMBO reports · 2023Article
- Intestinal epithelial autophagy is required for the regenerative benefit of calorie restriction.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2023Article
- Persistent activation of Nrf2 in a p62-dependent non-canonical manner aggravates lead-induced kidney injury by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy.Journal of advanced research · 2023Article
- The role of the farnesoid X receptor in kidney health and disease: a potential therapeutic target in kidney diseases.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Role of FXR in Renal Physiology and Kidney Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Autophagy in acute kidney injury and maladaptive kidney repair.Burns & trauma · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autophagy is important for cells to break down and recycle cellular proteins, remove damaged organelles, and especially, for recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite research on the role and cellular mechanism of autophagy in AKI, the role of autophagy in the progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains poorly understood. Here, using farnesoid X receptor (FXR) knockout (KO) mice, we determined whether FXR prevents the progression of AKI to CKD after renal ischemic-reperfusion (such as I/R) injury through the regulation of renal autophagy and apoptosis. FXR regulated genes that participate in renal autophagy under feeding and fasting conditions, such as hepatic autophagy, and the activation of FXR by agonists, such as GW4064 and INT-747, attenuated the increased autophagy and apoptosis of hypoxia-induced human renal proximal tubule epithelial (HK2) cells. The expression levels of autophagy-related and apoptosis-related proteins in FXR KO mice were increased compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice. We also showed that the increase in reactive oxidative species (ROS) in hypoxia-treated HK2 cells was attenuated by treatment with FXR agonist or by FXR overexpression, and that the level of ROS was elevated in FXR-deficient cells and mice. At 28 days after I/R injury, the autophagy levels were still elevated in FXR KO mice, and the expression levels of fibrosis-related proteins and ROS deposits were higher than those in WT mice. In conclusion, the regulation of renal autophagy and apoptosis by FXR may be a therapeutic target for the early stages of kidney damage, and the progression of AKI to CKD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.