ArticleBiological psychiatry2021
Propranolol Decreases Fear Expression by Modulating Fear Memory Traces.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-Dose Propranolol for Severe and Chronic Aggression in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Study.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- Investigational drugs in PTSD.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Behavioral and brain-wide neural signatures of sundowning in Alzheimer's disease.Research square · 2026Article
- Article
- An oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism is associated with distinct neural responses to mating encounters in male prairie voles.Hormones and behavior · 2025Article
- Windows of change: Revisiting temporal and molecular dynamics of memory reconsolidation and persistence.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Prophylactic (R,S)-Ketamine and (2S,6S)-Hydroxynorketamine Decrease Fear Expression by Differentially Modulating Fear Neural Ensembles.Biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Effects of Anxiety on Cognition and Activity-Dependent Neural Networks: Insights From (Female) Mice and (Wo)men.Biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Missing Half: Why Sex Differences Matter in Alzheimer's Disease.Biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- Brain-wide immunolabeling and tissue clearing applications for engram research.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2025Review
- Stress Molecular Signaling in Interaction With Cognition.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- Interventions by Cardiovascular Drugs Against Aircraft Noise-Induced Cardiovascular Oxidative Stress and Damage.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Fear Generalization in Mice Involves Hippocampal Memory Trace Dysfunction and Is Alleviated by (R,S)-Ketamine.Biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- Engrams of Fear Memory Attenuation.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Engram cell connectivity as a mechanism for information encoding and memory function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Elevated corticosterone after fear learning impairs remote auditory memory retrieval and alters brain network connectivity.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Tissue clearing applications in memory engram research.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder can develop after a traumatic event and results in heightened, inappropriate fear and anxiety. Although approximately 8% of the U.S. population is affected by posttraumatic stress disorder, only two drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat it, both with limited efficacy. Propranolol, a nonselective β-adrenergic antagonist, has shown efficacy in decreasing exaggerated fear, and there has been renewed interest in using it to treat fear disorders.
methodsHere, we sought to determine the mechanisms by which propranolol attenuates fear by utilizing an activity-dependent tagging system, ArcCreER
resultsPropranolol decreased fear expression only when administered before a delayed context reexposure. Fear memory traces were affected in the dorsal dentate gyrus and basolateral amygdala after propranolol administration in the ArcCreER
conclusionsThese data indicate that propranolol may decrease fear expression by altering network-correlated activity and by weakening the reactivation of the initial traumatic memory trace. This work contributes to the understanding of noradrenergic drugs as therapeutic aids for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.