Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33766076›Full record

ArticleAnnals of general psychiatry2021

Psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: an online cross-sectional study to identify the need for equal attention of intervention.

Argaw Ambelu, Zewdie Birhanu, Yimenu Yitayih, Yohannes Kebede, Mohammed Mecha, Jemal Abafita, Ashenafi Belay, Diriba Fufa

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of general psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Are Attitudes towards COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Subjective Physical and Mental Health?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Argaw AmbeluDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. aambelu@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1898-4100
Zewdie BirhanuDepartemnt of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Yimenu YitayihDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Yohannes KebedeDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Mohammed MechaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Jemal AbafitaDepartment of Economics, College of Business and Economics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Ashenafi BelayDepartment of English Language and Literature, College of Social Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Diriba FufaDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Jimma University · ET

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic led individuals to suffer from different levels of mental health problems such as psychological distress, anxiety, depression, denial, panic, and fear. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of psychological distress and associated factors among the Ethiopian population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

methodsA cross-sectional study was performed through an online survey using different online platforms. The questionnaire was created through Google Form and the survey link was administered by e-mail, LinkedIn, Telegram, and Facebook. Educated Ethiopian population who have access to the internet were invited to participate through an online survey and addressed to 929 respondents. The study participants completed the survey anonymously without any personal identifier. The psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 10-item tool to measure psychological distress. Data were analyzed using SPSS and logistic regression to examine mutually adjusted associations, expressed as adjusted odds ratios. A generalized additive model was also employed to identify additional predictors using R.

resultsThe prevalence of high psychological distress among the study population was 236 (25.5%). Of all respondents, 421 (45.1%) had low psychological distress, 274 (29.4%) had moderate psychological distress, 164 (17.6%) had high psychological distress, and 72 (7.3%) had very high psychological distress. Psychological distress increased with being at young and middle-aged adults, getting information from social media, and not correctly practicing infection prevention and control measures to prevent COVID-19 infection. Respondents with high perceived severity had increased psychological distress. On the contrary, those with the highest score of perceived response efficacy had low distress.

conclusionPrevalence of psychological distress was substantial. The need for intervention of psychological distress inline with the prevention of COVID-19 is critically essential. The intervention target groups are those whose information sources are from social media, young and middle-aged adults, and those who do not correctly practice infection prevention and control measures against COVID-19 infection.

Indexed as

COVID-19EthiopiaOnline surveyPandemicPsychological distress

Identifiers

PMID33766076
PMCPMC7992507
OpenAlexW3138238856

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.