ReviewInternational immunopharmacology2021
The potential for Lactoferrin to reduce SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm.
Review in International immunopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted and untargeted cross-sectional study for sex-specific identification of plasma biomarkers of COVID-19 severity.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Oral Administration of Bovine Lactoferrin Modulates the Effects of Chronic Stress on the Immune Response of the Lungs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Liposomal Lactoferrin Reduces Brain Neuroinflammation in Rats and Alleviates Jetlag and Improves Sleep Quality After Long-Haul Travel.NeuroSci · 2025Article
- Lessons learnt from broad-spectrum coronavirus antiviral drug discovery.Expert opinion on drug discovery · 2024Review
- Colostrum Lactoferrin Following Active and Recovered SARS-CoV-2 Infections during Pregnancy.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Bovine lactoferrin inhibits inflammatory response and apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by targeting the PPAR-γ pathway.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID.NPJ science of food · 2024Review
- Lactoferrin in the Prevention of Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Preschool Children: A Prospective Randomized Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Vero Cells by Bovine Lactoferrin under Different Iron-Saturation States.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Synthesis of a Cation-Exchange Resin by Inverse Suspension Polymerization for Lactoferrin Extraction from Whey.ACS omega · 2023Article
- An overview on in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of lactoferrin: its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2023Review
- Deficiency of Lactoferrin aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation via recruitment macrophage in mice.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2023Article
- Potential of Lactoferrin in the Treatment of Lung Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Ferroptosis and multi-organ complications in COVID-19: mechanisms and potential therapies.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Review
- Can Lactoferrin, a Natural Mammalian Milk Protein, Assist in the Battle against COVID-19?Nutrients · 2022Review
- Combined use of lactoferrin and vitamin D as a preventive and therapeutic supplement for SARS-CoV-2 infection: Current evidence.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
- Human Lactoferrin Synergizes with Etoposide to Inhibit Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Growth While Attenuating Etoposide-Mediated Cytotoxicity of Human Endothelial Cells.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The potential role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.The Biochemical journal · 2022Review
- Neutralizing the free radicals could alleviate the disease severity following an infection by positive strand RNA viruses.Cell stress & chaperones · 2022Review
- Thrombocytopenia in COVID‑19 and vaccine‑induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia.International journal of molecular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious global health threat caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Symptoms of COVID-19 are highly variable with common hyperactivity of immune responses known as a "cytokine storm". In fact, this massive release of inflammatory cytokines into in the pulmonary alveolar structure is a main cause of mortality during COVID-19 infection. Current management of COVID-19 is supportive and there is no common clinical protocol applied to suppress this pathological state. Lactoferrin (LF), an iron binding protein, is a first line defense protein that is present in neutrophils and excretory fluids of all mammals, and is well recognized for its role in maturation and regulation of immune system function. Also, due to its ability to sequester free iron, LF is known to protect against insult-induced oxidative stress and subsequent "cytokine storm" that results in dramatic necrosis within the affected tissue. Review of the literature strongly suggests utility of LF to silence the "cytokine storm", giving credence to both prophylactic and therapeutic approaches towards combating COVID-19 infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.