ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021
Associations between depression subtype and functional impairment and treatment utilization in a national sample of adolescents.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- A latent class analysis of clinical complexity: Secondary analysis of the collaboration leading to addiction treatment and recovery from other stresses (CLARO) randomized trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Trial
- Barriers and Facilitators of Psychosocial Treatment Participation for Youth With Depression and Anxiety: A Scoping Review.Clinical child psychology and psychiatry · 2026Article
- ADHD in Youth With Major Depressive Disorder in the Texas Youth Depression and Suicide Research Network (TX-YDSRN): Clinical Correlates and Moderators.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Article
- Differential associations of passively sensed behaviors with in-vivo depression symptoms.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Article
- Cross-Informant Comparison of Depressive Symptoms in Youth: A Network Approach.PsyCh journal · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrior studies have characterized distinct major depressive episode (MDE) subtypes among adults, yet limited evidence exists regarding variation in MDE during adolescence.
methodsUsing 2008-2016 National Survey of Drug Use and Health data, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to characterize depression subtypes (based on symptom presentation) among 9,896 youth ages 12-17 with recent first-onset MDE. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations of MDE subtype with functional outcomes and treatment utilization, adjusting for demographic characteristics and depression severity (i.e., number of MDE diagnostic criteria and recurrence status)
resultsA 5-class LCA model provided optimal fit. Three distinct categories of MDE symptoms generally clustered together, which we termed "somatic," "cognitive," and "self-worth;" classes were differentiated by distinct combinations of symptoms across these 3 categories. Subtypes were characterized as: Highly Symptomatic (39% of youth); Somatic & Cognitive (24%), Somatic (22%), Diffuse Symptoms (8%), and Somatic & Self-Worth (6%). The majority of youth reported at least moderate impairment across multiple domains; subtype was a significant predictor of functional impairment. Only 34% of youth received any past-year depression-related treatment; treatment utilization was significantly higher for MDE subtypes with the highest prevalences of suicidal ideation. LIMITATIONS: Due to cross-sectional data, we cannot establish causal directionality.
conclusionsSubtype was significantly predictive of functional impairment and treatment utilization, above and beyond number of MDE diagnostic criteria or recurrence status. Understanding distinct profiles of adolescent depression, as well as potential differential associations with impairment, can inform prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of depression among youth.
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