ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2021
Gender differences in mental health problems of healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.
Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of insomnia in nurses: a meta-analysis of observational studies using the insomnia severity index.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Impacts for health and care workers of Covid-19 and other public health emergencies of international concern: living systematic review, meta-analysis and policy recommendations.Human resources for health · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Post-traumatic stress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychiatry research · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review of mental health symptom changes by sex or gender in early-COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 depression and its risk factors in Asia Pacific - A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Factors associated with gender and sex differences in anxiety prevalence and comorbidity: A systematic review.Science progressPooled it
- Prevalence and Treatment of Anxiety and Depression Among US Healthcare Workers, 2021-2024.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal associations between changes in employment status and depressive symptoms during the early COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Prescriptions and Pharmacy Services in Internet-Based Psychiatric Hospital During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Observational
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- Healthcare Services and Burden of the Top Two Mental Disorders Among Women of Childbearing Age Across 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2021.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- The hidden toll of colleague absenteeism: exploring its impact on emotional strain and burnout among frontline health workers in Nigeria.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Determinants of mental health distress among health workers in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Assessment of psychological health effects of nurses during 2022-2023 of the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study in Southern Taiwan.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Longitudinal changes in occupational well-being: a four-wave panel survey of employees in Switzerland and Germany.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Physical Activity and Mental Health After COVID-19: The Role of Levels and Domains of Physical Activity.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Risk and protective factors associated with change in well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- Telemedicine as an Approach to the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in Angola.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed both physical and psychological burdens on healthcare workers (HCWs). What is more, few studies have focused on the gender differences in mental health problems (MHPs) among HCWs during such an outbreak. Thus, the current study investigated the prevalence and gender differences of various MHPs among HCWs in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. This nationwide survey was conducted online from January 29 to February 3, 2020. General information was collected by questions about socio-demographics, work-related factors, and living situations. Depressive, anxiety, stress, and insomnia symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Insomnia Severity Index, respectively. Among the 2198 contacted HCWs, 1563 (71.1%) responded with valid data, of whom 1293 (82.7%) were females. The prevalences of depressive, anxiety, stress, and insomnia symptoms in participants were 50.7%, 44.7%, 52.5%, and 36.1%, respectively. Female HCWs had significantly higher scores in all four scales (p < 0.001) and higher prevalences in all MHPs involved (range, odds ratio [OR] 1.55-1.97). After adjusting for potential confounders, female HCWs still had higher risks for all MHPs involved than males (range, adjusted OR 1.36-1.96). HCWs present high prevalences of depressive, anxiety, stress, and insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, female HCWs are more vulnerable to all MHPs involved. These findings highlight the need for timely, special care and support for HCWs during the outbreak, especially for females.
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