ReviewAmerican journal of clinical dermatology2021
Combining BRAF/MEK Inhibitors with Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma.
Review in American journal of clinical dermatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Frontier of Melanoma Treatment: Defeating Immunotherapy Resistance-A Systematic Review.Oncology research · 2026Pooled it
- Dynamic Time-Resolved Remodeling of the Immune Microenvironment After Resistance to BRAF/MEK Inhibitors in Melanoma: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Development of new liposomal formulations of quercetin - in vitro study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Rewiring melanoma cell fate: TRPM8 modulators trigger apoptosis and boost NK cell cytotoxicity.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Durable complete response in a patient with BRAF-mutated advanced melanoma with ocular and skin toxicities from BRAF/MEK targeted therapy after checkpoint inhibitor treatment: a case report.Dermatology reports · 2026Article
- Single-cell sequencing reveals the functional heterogeneity of melanoma cells and their crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Pan-cancer multi-omics analysis reveals IQCE as a malignant cell-restricted oncogenic biomarker driving immunosuppression and chemoresistance in cutaneous melanoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- The unexplored mechanism of antitumoral effect of pirfenidone in melanoma cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cell Death Modalities in Therapy of Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- BRAF-mutant melanoma management: a single center retrospective analysis of patients treated with sequential therapy.Melanoma management · 2024Article
- VKH-like syndrome in the setting of Dabrafenib and Trametinib therapy for BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma: a case report.Journal of surgical case reports · 2024Article
- Skin cancer: understanding the journey of transformation from conventional to advanced treatment approaches.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- A comprehensive signature based on endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in melanoma.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Identification of an ergosterol derivative with anti-melanoma effect from the sponge-derived fungusFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- MAPK inhibitors dynamically affect melanoma release of immune NKG2D-ligands, as soluble protein and extracellular vesicle-associated.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- MCM10 is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Checkpoints in Ovarian Cancer.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- DIRAS2 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Linked With Immune Infiltrates in Melanoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Article
- BRAF and MEK Inhibitors Affect Dendritic-Cell Maturation and T-Cell Stimulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Silencing of Mcl-1 overcomes resistance of melanoma cells against TRAIL-armed oncolytic adenovirus by enhancement of apoptosis.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The management and prognosis of BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma have changed drastically following the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors and molecularly targeted agents. These treatment options present different mechanisms of action and toxicities but also totally distinct kinetics of their response, including a "relatively" short-lasting benefit in subsets of patients treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors and a lower response rate in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. BRAF/MEK inhibitors, when administered prior to or concurrently with immune checkpoint inhibitors, at least transiently alter some immunosuppressive parameters of the tumor microenvironment and theoretically improve sensitivity to immunotherapy. Preclinical data from mouse models with oncogene-addicted melanoma confirmed this beneficial immune/targeted synergy and supported the clinical testing of combinations of BRAF/MEK inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors to improve the activity of upfront anti-melanoma therapies. The first positive phase III results were published in 2020, and triggered the discussion about the benefits, the limitations, as well as the possible implications of combining or sequencing targeted therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors in everyday practice. Beginning from the interplay of immune/targeted agents within the melanoma microenvironment, this review outlines available information from the retrospective experience up to the late-stage randomized evidence on combinatorial treatments. Many clinical trials are currently underway exploring open questions about optimal timing, new immune biomarkers, and eligible patient subsets for these immune/targeted regimens. Awaiting these results, decision making in the first-line setting for BRAF-mutant melanoma is still guided by the patients' characteristics and the biological aspects of melanoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.