ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2021
Cadmium induces the thymus apoptosis of pigs through ROS-dependent PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elucidating the protective role of quercetin against lipopolysaccharide-induced necroptosis in broiler thymus: insights from Nrf2/PERK signaling based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2026Article
- A Two-Hit Hypothesis for Chemotherapy-Induced Primary Ovarian Insufficiency in Asian Populations: A Population-Specific Mechanistic Framework Linking Genetic Susceptibility and Cytotoxic Stress via the PI3K-AKT-FOXO3 Axis.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA interactions regulating fecundity in the ovaries of two distinct sheep breeds.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Zearalenone Depresses Lactation Capacity Through the ROS-Mediated PI3K/AKT Pathway.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Exploring Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathogenesis: The Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Protective Effects of Sodium Para-Aminosalicylic Acid on Lead and Cadmium Co-Exposure in SH-SY5Y Cells.Brain sciences · 2023Article
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- FTO Alleviates CdClInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Osthole Induces Apoptosis and Caspase-3/GSDME-Dependent Pyroptosis via NQO1-Mediated ROS Generation in HeLa Cells.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a transition metal that is toxic to living organisms in the environment and endangers living organisms. To explore whether Cd induces apoptosis in pig thymus and its possible mechanism, the role Cd induction of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway in apoptosis of thymus cells was studied in pigs. We found that Cd exposure (the feed is treated with Cd) significantly increased Cd accumulation in the thymus of pigs. The TUNEL assay confirmed the typical apoptotic characteristics of thymus in Cd group. Moreover, in the Cd group, the activities of antioxidant indices decreased significantly, while the levels of oxidative stress indexes increased significantly, and the mRNA levels of GSH, CAT, Gpx1, GST, SOD1, and SOD2 decreased obviously. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of PTEN/PI3K/AKT and apoptosis-related genes were detected by qPCR and western blotting. The results show that the expressions of PI3K and AKT decreased, while the expression of PTEN increased, indicating that pathway activated. With the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway regulating, Bcl-2 expression decreased. Conversely, the mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-related genes were up-regulated. In conclusion, accumulation of Cd in the pigs caused oxidative damage to immune tissues. In addition, Cd-induced oxidative stress activates the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, inducing apoptosis in the thymus of pigs.
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