ArticleJournal of public health (Oxford, England)2021
Fueling the Covid-19 pandemic: summer school holidays and incidence rates in German districts.
Article in Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Evolutionary and epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in Germany exemplified by three Bayesian phylodynamic case studies.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2025Article
- Effect of vaccinations and school restrictions on the spread of COVID-19 in different age groups in Germany.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2024Article
- The Politics of Covid-19 Containment Policies in europe.International journal of disaster risk reduction : IJDRR · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics in the tourism season 2020 in North Frisia, Germany.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2022Article
- Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms among University of Belgrade Students during the July-September 2021 Pandemic Wave: Implications for Vaccination.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2022Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Socioeconomic Inequalities in COVID-19 Outcomes Over the Course of the Pandemic-A Scoping Review.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- The logics of COVID-19 travel restrictions between European countries.Social science quarterly · 2021Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe Robert-Koch-Institute reports that during the summer holiday period a foreign country is stated as the most likely place of infection for an average of 27 and a maximum of 49% of new SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany.
methodsCross-sectional study on observational data. In Germany, summer school holidays are coordinated between states and spread out over 13 weeks. Employing a dynamic model with district fixed effects, we analyze the association between these holidays and weekly incidence rates across 401 German districts.
resultsWe find effects of the holiday period of around 45% of the average district incidence rates in Germany during their respective final week of holidays and the 2 weeks after holidays end. Western states tend to experience stronger effects than Eastern states. We also find statistically significant interaction effects of school holidays with per capita taxable income and the share of foreign residents in a district's population.
conclusionsOur results suggest that changed behavior during the holiday season accelerated the pandemic and made it considerably more difficult for public health authorities to contain the spread of the virus by means of contact tracing. Germany's public health authorities did not prepare adequately for this acceleration.
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