ArticleHealth affairs (Project Hope)2021
US Public Health Neglected: Flat Or Declining Spending Left States Ill Equipped To Respond To COVID-19.
Article in Health affairs (Project Hope), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Florida Health and Health Care: A Status Report.Southern medical journal · 2026Review
- Local Responses to Limits on U.S. Public Health Authority During the COVID-19 Emergency.The International journal of health planning and management · 2026Article
- Modeling COVID-19 response in Cuba: a hybrid approach combining agent-based modeling and time series analysis.Population health metrics · 2025Article
- Sustainability of the Growth of the Local Public Health Workforce During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2022.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Associations between previous local health expenditures and COVID-19 mortality outcomes large cities in the united states: results from a forward-selecting linear regression analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Social and Environmental Determinants of Health and Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome-Related Mortality.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Convivial Populations: Ivan Illich and Public Health in the 21st Century.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- The Solutions in Health Analytics for Rural Equity Across the Northwest (SHARE-NW) Dashboard for Health Equity in Rural Public Health: Usability Evaluation.JMIR human factors · 2024Article
- Revisiting the IOM Reports and Envisioning a Promising Future for Public Health.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Understanding the role of risk preferences and perceptions in vaccination decisions and post-vaccination behaviors among U.S. households.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Associations between county-level public health expenditures and community health planning activities with COVID-19 incidence and mortality.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Invited Commentary: Some Social Epidemiologic Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- The Next Generation of Payment Reforms for Population Health - An Actionable Agenda for 2035 Informed by Past Gains and Ongoing Lessons.The Milbank quarterly · 2023Article
- Cities as Platforms for Population Health: Past, Present, and Future.The Milbank quarterly · 2023Article
- Being Accountable for Capability-Getting Public Health Reform Right This Time.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- The Progress and Future of US Newborn Screening.International journal of neonatal screening · 2022Review
- Article
- Association of COVID-19 mortality with politics and on-demand testing in 217 U.S. counties.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Annual Survey of State and Territorial Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Capacity and Organizational Development Needs-United States, 2023.Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMPArticle
- The Opportunity Cost of COVID for Public Health Practice: COVID-19 Pandemic Response Work and Lost Foundational Areas of Public Health Work.Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMPArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted concern about the integrity of the US public health infrastructure. Federal, state, and local governments spend $93 billion annually on public health in the US, but most of this spending is at the state level. Thus, shoring up gaps in public health preparedness and response requires an understanding of state spending. We present state spending trends in eight categories of public health activity from 2008 through 2018. We obtained data from the Census Bureau for all states except California and coded the data by public health category. Although overall national health expenditures grew by 4.3 percent in this period, state governmental public health spending saw no statistically significant growth between 2008 and 2018 except in injury prevention. Moreover, state spending levels on public health were not restored after cuts experienced during the Great Recession, leaving states ill equipped to respond to COVID-19 and other emerging health needs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.