Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33764561›Full record

SynthesisJournal of advanced nursing2021

Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Petros Galanis, Irene Vraka, Despoina Fragkou, Angeliki Bilali, Daphne Kaitelidou

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of advanced nursing, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 448 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
448citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
111.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

448 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 943 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Nurses' Transitions Into and Out of the Home Health Sector.Medical care research and review : MCRR · 2026
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388 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Petros GalanisCenter for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1308-5782
Irene VrakaDepartment of Radiology, P & A Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Despoina FragkouCenter for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Angeliki BilaliHospital Waste Management Unit, P & A Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Daphne KaitelidouCenter for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRPanagiotis & Aglaia Kyriakou Children's Hospital · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo examine the nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

designWe followed the Cochrane criteria and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines for this systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Cochrane COVID-19 registry, CINAHL and pre-print services (medRχiv and PsyArXiv) were searched from January 1 to November 15, 2020 and we removed duplicates. REVIEW

methodsWe applied a random effect model to estimate pooled effects since the heterogeneity between results was very high.

resultsSixteen studies, including 18,935 nurses met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of emotional exhaustion was 34.1%, of depersonalization was 12.6% and of lack of personal accomplishment was 15.2%. The main risk factors that increased nurses' burnout were the following: younger age, decreased social support, low family and colleagues readiness to cope with COVID-19 outbreak, increased perceived threat of Covid-19, longer working time in quarantine areas, working in a high-risk environment, working in hospitals with inadequate and insufficient material and human resources, increased workload and lower level of specialized training regarding COVID-19.

conclusionNurses experience high levels of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, while several sociodemographic, social and occupational factors affect this burnout. IMPACT: We found that burnout among nurses is a crucial issue during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an urgent need to prepare nurses to cope better with COVID-19 pandemic. Identification of risk factors for burnout could be a significant weapon giving nurses and health care systems the ability to response in a better way against the following COVID-19 waves in the near future.

Indexed as

Burnout, ProfessionalCOVID-19NursesBurnout, PsychologicalHumansPandemicsRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2burnoutCOVID-19mental healthmeta-analysisnursesprevalenceSARS-CoV-2systematic review

Identifiers

PMID33764561
PMCPMC8250618
OpenAlexW3147264347

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.