ArticleRevista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia2021
Secondary infections in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: An overlooked matter?
Article in Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for bloodstream infection in COVID-19 patients in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Antimicrobial resistance in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis (November 2019-June 2021).Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Pooled it
- Immune responses in pulmonary sarcoidosis following COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Multidrug-resistant VAP before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among hospitalized patients in a tertiary private hospital.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2023Article
- Fungal Infections Are Not Associated with Increased Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Critical care research and practice · 2023Article
- The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Nitric Oxide, and Hydrogen Sulfide at the Crossroads of Hypertension and COVID-19: Racial Disparities and Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Brain death due to neuroaspergillosis in a patient with COVID-19.Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion · 2022Article
- [Brain death due to neuroaspergillosis in a patient with COVID-19].Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion · 2022Article
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection: a narrative review.ERJ open research · 2022Review
- Differential Immune Checkpoint and Ig-like V-Type Receptor Profiles in COVID-19: Associations with Severity and Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Causative Agents of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Resistance to Antibiotics in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Bacterial Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in COVID-19 Patients: Data from the Second and Third Waves of the Pandemic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Secondary infection in COVID-19 critically ill patients: a retrospective single-center evaluation.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Observational
- Incidence of Bacterial and Fungal Secondary Infections in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the ICU.International journal of general medicine · 2022Article
- Bloodstream Infections in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Risk Factors for Fungal Co-Infections in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients, with a Focus on Immunosuppressants.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Severe Adaptive Immune Suppression May Be Why Patients With Severe COVID-19 Cannot Be Discharged From the ICU Even After Negative Viral Tests.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe susceptibility to infection probably increases in COVID-19 patients due to a combination of virusand drug-induced immunosuppression. The reported rate of secondary infections was quite low in previous studies. The objectives of our study were to investigate the rate of secondary infections, risk factors for secondary infections and risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 critically ill patients.
methodsWe performed a single-center retrospective study in mechanically ventilated critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to our Critical Care Unit (CCU). We recorded the patients' demographic data; clinical data; microbiology data and incidence of secondary infection during CCU stay, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and nosocomial bacteremia (primary and secondary).
resultsA total of 107 patients with a mean age 62.2 ± 10.6 years were included. Incidence of secondary infection during CCU stay was 43.0% (46 patients), including nosocomial bacteremia (34 patients) and VAP (35 patients). Age was related to development of secondary infection (65.2 ± 7.3 vs. 59.9 ± 12.2 years, p=0.007). Age ≥ 65 years and secondary infection were independent predictors of mortality (OR=2.692, 95% CI 1.068-6.782, p<0.036; and OR=3.658, 95% CI 1.385- 9.660, p=0.009, respectively). The hazard ratio for death within 90 days in the ≥ 65 years group and in patients infected by antimicrobial resistant pathogens was 1.901 (95% CI 1.198- 3.018; p= 0.005 by log-rank test) and 1.787 (95% CI 1.023-3.122; p= 0.036 by log-rank test), respectively.
conclusionsOur data suggest that the incidence of secondary infection and infection by antimicrobial resistant pathogens is very high in critically ill patients with COVID-19 with a significant impact on prognosis.
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