Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33763904›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2021

Degradable and Removable Tough Adhesive Hydrogels.

Benjamin R Freedman, Oktay Uzun, Nadja M Maldonado Luna, Anna Rock, Charles Clifford, Emily Stoler, Gabrielle Östlund-Sholars, Christopher Johnson, David J Mooney

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
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  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Tough adhesive bilayer hydrogels.Cell reports. Physical science · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. On-Demand Chemically Degradable Hydrogels for Biological Applications.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Antimicrobial Hydrogel for Diabetic Wound Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
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  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Benjamin R FreedmanJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
Oktay UzunWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Nadja M Maldonado LunaJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
Anna RockWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Charles CliffordJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
Emily StolerWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Gabrielle Östlund-SholarsWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Christopher JohnsonWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
David J MooneyJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9406-773X

Funding

Multifunctional tough adhesive hydrogels to recruit, expand, and deliver tendoncells during aging and injuryK99AG065495 · NIA · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI FREEDMAN, BENJAMIN ROSS · 2020 to 2022
$341k
On-Demand Stem Cell Delivery Systems for Tendon Healing Throughout AgingF32AG057135 · NIA · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI FREEDMAN, BENJAMIN ROSS · 2017 to 2019
$155k
NIA NIH HHS F32 AG057135NIA NIH HHS F32AG057135NIA NIH HHS K99 AG065495NIA NIH HHS K99AG065495
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The development of tough adhesive hydrogels has enabled unprecedented adhesion to wet and moving tissue surfaces throughout the body, but they are typically composed of nondegradable components. Here, a family of degradable tough adhesive hydrogels containing ≈90% water by incorporating covalently networked degradable crosslinkers and hydrolyzable ionically crosslinked main-chain polymers is developed. Mechanical toughness, adhesion, and degradation of these new formulations are tested in both accelerated in vitro conditions and up to 16 weeks in vivo. These degradable tough adhesives are engineered with equivalent mechanical and adhesive properties to nondegradable tough adhesives, capable of achieving stretches >20 times their initial length, fracture energies >6 kJ m

Indexed as

AdhesivesHydrogelsAnimalsBiocompatible MaterialsCross-Linking ReagentsMaterials TestingMiceAdhesivesBiocompatible MaterialsCross-Linking ReagentsHydrogelsadhesivesbiodegradable materialsbioinspirationbiomaterialshydrogels

Identifiers

PMID33763904
PMCPMC8764582

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.