ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2021
Polyphosphazenes as Adjuvants for Animal Vaccines and Other Medical Applications.
Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Virus-Mimicking Polymer Nanocomplexes Co-Assembling HCV E1E2 and Core Proteins with TLR 7/8 Agonist-Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vivo Activity.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Alternatives to antibiotics for sustainable livestock production in the context of the One Health approach: tackling a common foe.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Advances in Poultry Vaccines: Leveraging Biotechnology for Improving Vaccine Development, Stability, and Delivery.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Directly visualizing individual polyorganophosphazenes and their single-chain complexes with proteins.Communications materials · 2024Article
- Cryo-EM and AFM visualize linear polyorganophosphazene: individual chains and single-chain assemblies with proteins.Research square · 2023Article
- Prospects for developing an Hepatitis C virus E1E2-based nanoparticle vaccine.Reviews in medical virology · 2023Review
- Polyphosphazene-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Phosphazene Cyclomatrix Network-Based Polymer: Chemistry, Synthesis, and Applications.ACS omega · 2022Review
- Kinome Analysis to Define Mechanisms of Adjuvant Action: PCEP Induces Unique Signaling at the Injection Site and Lymph Nodes.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Nanodispersions of Polyelectrolytes Based on Humic Substances: Isolation, Physico-Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Activity.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polyphosphazenes are a class of experimental adjuvants that have shown great versatility as vaccine adjuvants in many animal species ranging from laboratory rodents to large animal species. Their adjuvant activity has shown promising results with numerous viral and bacterial antigens, as well as with crude and purified antigens. Vaccines adjuvanted with polyphosphazenes can be delivered via systemic and mucosal administration including respiratory, oral, rectal, and intravaginal routes. Polyphosphazenes can be used in combination with other adjuvants, further enhancing immune responses to antigens. The mechanisms of action of polyphosphazenes have not fully been defined, but several systematic studies have suggested that they act primarily by activating innate immunity. In the present review, we will highlight progress in the development of polyphosphazenes as adjuvants in animals and their other medical applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.