ArticleFrontiers in oncology2021
Immune Effector Cell Associated Neurotoxicity (ICANS) in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy: Can We Optimize Early Diagnosis?
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of acute leukemia, version 2.0.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Guideline
- Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: A Systematic Review.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Delirium in the oncology intensive care unit: Risk, recognition, and recovery strategies.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Factors Associated with Increased Healthcare Utilization Within 30 and 90 Days Post-Discharge of CAR-T Cell Therapy in Patients with R/R LBCL.Hematology reports · 2026Article
- Nanoparticles-enhanced CAR-T cell therapy: current advances and future directions.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Imaging the efficacy and side effects of CAR T-cell therapy in children and young adults.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2026Review
- CAR T cells in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy-associated dysgraphia as an early neurocognitive manifestation of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome: clinical characteristics, mechanistic insights, and assessment challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome following CAR T-cell therapy: a review of recent advances.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Nanoparticle-based strategy in CAR-T cell immunotherapy: challenges, implications, and perspectives.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Biology-driven therapies of CAR T immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy-related neurotoxicity in the central nervous system of children with cancer.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Evolving strategies for addressing CAR T-cell toxicities.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2024Review
- Approaches for bridging therapy prior to chimeric antigen receptor T cells for relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic B-lineage leukemia in children and young adults.Haematologica · 2024Review
- Review
- Patterns of neurotoxicity among patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: A single-centre cohort study.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Editorial: Critical complications in pediatric oncology and hematopoietic cell transplant, volume II.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Case report: Rapid resolution of grade IV ICANS after first line intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate, cytarabine and dexamethasone.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Early and Late Toxicities of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells.Hematology/oncology clinics of North America · 2023Review
- The Role of Antibody-Based Therapies in Neuro-Oncology.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) was first proposed by the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network-Stem Cell Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy Subgroup and MD Anderson CARTOX joint working committees, for detection of immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity (ICANS) in pediatric patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. It was subsequently adopted by the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. The utility of CAPD as a screening tool for early diagnosis of ICANS has not been fully characterized. We conducted a retrospective study of pediatric and young adult patients (n=15) receiving standard-of-care CAR T-cell products. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and ICANS occurred in 87% and 40% of patients, respectively. ICANS was associated with significantly higher peaks of serum ferritin. A change in CAPD from a prior baseline was noted in 60% of patients with ICANS, 24-72 h prior to diagnosis of ICANS. The median change from baseline to maximum CAPD score of patients who developed ICANS versus those who did not was 13 versus 3, respectively (p=0.0004). Changes in CAPD score from baseline may be the earliest indicator of ICANS among pediatric and young adult patients which may warrant closer monitoring, with more frequent CAPD assessments.
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