Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33763295›Full record

ArticleOncoimmunology2021

The role of irreversible electroporation in promoting M1 macrophage polarization via regulating the HMGB1-RAGE-MAPK axis in pancreatic cancer.

Chaobin He, Shuxin Sun, Yu Zhang, Fengxiao Xie, Shengping Li

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Oncoimmunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed
7.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Irreversible Electroporation Enhances Solid Tumor Infiltration and Selective Cancer Cell Lysis by CAR T Cells.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Chaobin HeDepartment of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
Shuxin SunDepartment of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
Yu ZhangState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
Fengxiao XieDepartment of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
Shengping LiDepartment of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.ORCID 0000-0002-2698-2757
Sun Yat-sen University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an effective method for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It remains unclear whether IRE can induce a specific immune response by stimulating macrophages. Here, the associated markers of macrophages were analyzed after exposure to tumor culture supernatant (TSN) of tumor cells treated with electroporation. Subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC models were also used to evaluate the effect of macrophage polarization induced by IRE. Aside from its direct killing effect, IRE could induce the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells by increasing the synthesis and secretion of damage associated molecular patterns. Moreover, IRE could increase the release of HMGB1, which activates the MAPK-p38 pathway and leads to the increased expression of M1 markers in macrophages, through binding to the receptor of the advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) receptor. M1 polarization was inhibited by the inhibitors of HMGB1 release, the RAGE receptor, and the MAPK-p38 signaling pathway, but it was activated by rHMGB1 or the stimulator of MAPK-p38. In addition, the promotion of M1 macrophage polarization was enhanced by the positive-feedback release or expression of HMGB1 and RAGE through the MAPK-ERK pathway in macrophages. The promotion of M1 macrophage polarization induced by IRE provided a specific rationale for the combination of IRE and immune therapy in treating PDAC.

Indexed as

HMGB1 ProteinPancreatic NeoplasmsElectroporationGlycation End Products, AdvancedHumansMacrophagesGlycation End Products, AdvancedHMGB1 Proteinimmunogenic cell deathIrreversible electroporationmacrophagepancreatic cancerpolarization

Identifiers

PMID33763295
PMCPMC7954423
OpenAlexW3136667519

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.