ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
The Characterization of Disease Severity Associated IgG Subclasses Response in COVID-19 Patients.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human primary antibody response to vaccination follows a partially sequential class-switching program with a checkpoint at IGHG2.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Early functional maturation of anti-Spike antibodies predicts efficient SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Reduced Fc-mediated antibody responses after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in a cohort of people living with HIV-1.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- In vitro complement activation via nucleocapsid and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of human coronavirus antibody responses in ICU and non-ICU COVID-19 patients reveals IgG3 against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a key biomarker of disease severity.Journal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Spike specific IgG3 and nucleocapsid IgG response in serum serve as distinguishing immunological markers between SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A comparative analysis of estrogen receptors, ACE2 and cytokines in pre-and postmenopausal women and men with COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in onchocerciasis-infected individuals: a field study from Ghana.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Scope+: an open source generalizable architecture for single-cell RNA-seq atlases at sample and cell levels.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- PET Foils Functionalized with Reactive Copolymers as Adaptable Microvolume ELISA Spot Array Platforms for Multiplex Serological Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infections.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Associations between clinical data, vaccination status, antibody responses, and post-COVID-19 symptoms in Thais infected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants: a 1-year follow-up study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Can human IgG subclasses distinguish between confirmed and unconfirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections?Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2024Article
- Seroepidemiological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responsiveness and associated factors in the vaccinated community of the Casablanca-Settat Region, Morocco.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Clinical and serological predictors of post COVID-19 condition-findings from a Canadian prospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- A bead-based multiplex assay covering all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans for sensitive and specific surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Dynamics of Serum-Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Vaccinees through Multiple Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Does SARS-CoV-2 Induce IgG4 Synthesis to Evade the Immune System?Biomolecules · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulated immune responses are associated with the clinical outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nucleocapsid protein (NP)-, spike (S)-, receptor binding domain (RBD)- specific immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes, IgG subclasses and neutralizing antibody (NAb) were analyzed in 123 serum from 63 hospitalized patients with severe, moderate, mild or asymptomatic COVID-19. Mild to modest correlations were found between disease severity and antigen specific IgG subclasses in serum, of which IgG1 and IgG3 were negatively associated with viral load in nasopharyngeal swab. Multiple cytokines were significantly related with antigen-specific Ig isotypes and IgG subclasses, and IL-1β was positively correlated with most antibodies. Furthermore, the old patients (≥ 60 years old) had higher levels of chemokines, increased NAb activities and SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG1, and IgG3 responses and compromised T cell responses compared to the young patients (≤ 18 years old), which are related with more severe cases. Higher IgG1 and IgG3 were found in COVID-19 patients with comorbidities while biological sex had no effect on IgG subclasses. Overall, we have identified diseases severity was related to higher antibodies, of which IgG subclasses had weakly negative correlation with viral load, and cytokines were significantly associated with antibody response. Further, advancing age and comorbidities had obvious effect on IgG1 and IgG3.
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