ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2021
Revisiting the rules of life for viruses of microorganisms.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 192 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Revisiting the life cycle of temperate phages.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Capsular Polysaccharide Safeguards a Prophage-Bacterium Symbiosis by Preventing Collateral Attack and Promoting Viral Transmission.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Bacteriophages hijack 2',3'-cNMPs to enhance transposase-mediated phage DNA integration inScience advances · 2026Article
- Single nucleotide variants drive evolutionary phage-host arms race in anaerobic carbon dioxide-converting microbiome.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Simultaneous inhibition of bacterial virulence and anti-phage defense systems by synergistic bacteriophage counter-defense proteins.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- The bacteriophage-encoded regulator PemR attenuatesJournal of virology · 2026Article
- Phase variation inEngineering microbiology · 2026Article
- Complex viral interactions revealed for the harmful bloom-forming dinoflagellateISME communications · 2026Article
- The adaptive plasticity of temperate phageVirus evolution · 2026Article
- Coexistence of virome-encoded health-associated genes and pathogenic genes in global habitats.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Viral Dark Matter: Illuminating Protein Function, Ecology, and Biotechnological Promises.Biochemistry · 2025Review
- Deep-sea viral diversity and their role in host metabolism of complex organic matter.Nature communications · 2025Article
- DNA viral community enhances microbial carbon fixation capacity via auxiliary metabolic genes in contaminated soils.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Tracking putativemSystems · 2025Article
- Host-virome associations in the weathering crust of a rapidly retreating temperate Alpine glacier.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- Eco-evolutionary strategies drive viral diversification in nutrient-poor soils across elevation gradients.National science review · 2025Article
- Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii can be killed by a combination of bacteriophages and complement.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Article
- Metagenomic analysis reveals how multiple stressors disrupt virus-host interactions in multi-trophic freshwater mesocosms.Nature communications · 2025Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Viruses that infect microbial hosts have traditionally been studied in laboratory settings with a focus on either obligate lysis or persistent lysogeny. In the environment, these infection archetypes are part of a continuum that spans antagonistic to beneficial modes. In this Review, we advance a framework to accommodate the context-dependent nature of virus-microorganism interactions in ecological communities by synthesizing knowledge from decades of virology research, eco-evolutionary theory and recent technological advances. We discuss that nuanced outcomes, rather than the extremes of the continuum, are particularly likely in natural communities given variability in abiotic factors, the availability of suboptimal hosts and the relevance of multitrophic partnerships. We revisit the 'rules of life' in terms of how long-term infections shape the fate of viruses and microbial cells, populations and ecosystems.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.