ReviewClinical medicine (London, England)2021
Endocrine complications of immunotherapies: a review.
Review in Clinical medicine (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Melittin, A Potential Game-changer in the Fight Against Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Does immunotherapy hold great promise in endometrial cancer care?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pharmacovigilance in Cell and Gene Therapy: Evolving Challenges in Risk Management and Long-Term Follow-Up.Drug safety · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related thyroid dysfunction during treatment of lung cancer: a disproportionality analysis based on the FDA adverse event reporting system.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Challenges in subtyping disease entities of thyroid dysfunction following combined immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a case report.Thyroid research · 2025Article
- Endocrine Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated diabetes mellitus: the case series report.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Induced Endocrinopathies: Assessment, Management and Monitoring in a Comprehensive Cancer Centre.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2024Article
- A Case of Myxedema Coma and Adrenal Insufficiency Post Pembrolizumab.Case reports in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced endocrinopathies: a possible indicator of improved survival.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Observational
- Characterization and Management of Adverse Reactions From the CLEAR Study in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab.The oncologist · 2023Article
- Article
- Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Related Endocrinopathies following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Treatment.Cancers · 2023Review
- Endocrine side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Article
- Hypoparathyroidism: an uncommon adverse effect of treatment with durvalumab.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment has increased vastly over the past decade, as both single and combination agent therapies. While having a positive impact on survival rates, adverse effects have been noted, with endocrine effects in around 10% of patients. Thyroid disease and hypophysitis are the most commonly encountered, with diabetes mellitus and primary adrenal insufficiency also reported, as well as more rare endocrinopathies. Patient and clinician education to raise awareness of these effects, as well as regular monitoring to enable early recognition, diagnosis and prompt treatment of the immune side effects, are key. In this review, we discuss the aetiology, presentation and management of the endocrine complications of immunotherapies that are relevant to the general physician, as well as highlighting important areas where further research is still needed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.