ArticleScience advances2021
LncRNA GIRGL drives CAPRIN1-mediated phase separation to suppress glutaminase-1 translation under glutamine deprivation.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- LncRNA MNX1-AS1 drives the progression of non-small cell lung cancer and serves as a ceRNA to target COMMD8 by sponging miR-218-5p.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) in Tumor Biology: Special Focus on the Process of Transcription.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Modulation of Stress Granules in Cancer.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Noncoding RNAs are indispensable architects and regulators of biomolecular condensates.Non-coding RNA research · 2026Review
- LncRNA ZFAS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review of molecular mechanisms and clinical translation.Non-coding RNA research · 2026Review
- Phase separation and the tumor microenvironment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- ACSL5 Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Chemotherapy Sensitivity in Colorectal Cancer Cells under Glutamine Deficiency.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- METTL1 interacts with XPO5 to modulate pre-miRNA export.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Recent insights into the roles and therapeutic potentials of GLS1 in inflammatory diseases.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- Targeting phase separation: a promising treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Biomolecular phase separation in tumorigenesis: from aberrant condensates to therapeutic vulnerabilities.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- LncRNA-MEG3 Regulates Muscle Mass and Metabolic Homeostasis by Facilitating SUZ12 Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- 8q24 derived ZNF252P promotes tumorigenesis by driving phase separation to activate c-Myc mediated feedback loop.Nature communications · 2025Article
- lncRNAs: the unexpected link between protein synthesis and cancer adaptation.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Downregulation of lncRNA MNX1-AS1 promotes the ferroptosis and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Membraneless organelles in health and disease: exploring the molecular basis, physiological roles and pathological implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Role of liquid-liquid phase separation in cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Cancer innovation · 2024Review
- Review
- Targeting cellular adaptive responses to glutaminolysis perturbation for cancer therapy.Molecules and cells · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glutamine constitutes an essential source of both carbon and nitrogen for numerous biosynthetic processes. The first and rate-limiting step of glutaminolysis involves the generation of glutamate from glutamine, catalyzed by glutaminase-1 (GLS1). Shortages of glutamine result in reductions in GLS1, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully known. Here, we characterize a long noncoding RNA, GIRGL (glutamine insufficiency regulator of glutaminase lncRNA), that is induced upon glutamine starvation. Manipulating GIRGL revealed a relationship between its expression and the translational suppression of GLS1. Cellular GIRGL levels are balanced by a combination of transactivation by c-JUN together with negative stability regulation via HuR/Ago2. Increased levels of GIRGL in the absence of glutamine drive formation of a complex between dimers of CAPRIN1 and GLS1 mRNA, serving to promote liquid-liquid phase separation of CAPRIN1 and inducing stress granule formation. Suppressing GLS1 mRNA translation enables cancer cells to survive under prolonged glutamine deprivation stress.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.