ArticleNeuroImage2021
Separation of item and context in item-method directed forgetting.
Article in NeuroImage, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Forgetting as an active process: Attentional withdrawal following a forget instruction.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Forgetting by any other name: The effect of instruction framing on item-method directed forgetting.Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · 2026Article
- Neural Reinstatement of Encoding Context Mediates the Switch between Fear and Extinction Recall.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Unexpected Events Resist Directed Forgetting.Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice · 2026Article
- Prefrontal Cortex Responses to Conflicting Information.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Targeting memory of embedded positive verbal content indirectly modulates negative visual memory.iScience · 2025Article
- Pupil Fluctuations Signal Intentional Forgetting of Natural Scenes.Psychophysiology · 2025Article
- Memory updating and the structure of event representations.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2025Review
- Suppressing the Maintenance of Information in Working Memory Alters Long-term Memory Traces.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- Directed Forgetting and the Production Effect.Experimental psychology · 2024Article
- A computational account of item-based directed forgetting for nonwords: Incorporating orthographic representations in MINERVA 2.Memory & cognition · 2023Article
- Directed forgetting of pictures of everyday objects.Journal of vision · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Contextual information plays a critical role in directed forgetting (DF) of lists of items, whereas DF of individual items has been primarily associated with item-level processing. This study was designed to investigate whether context processing also contributes to the forgetting of individual items. Participants first viewed a series of words, with task-irrelevant scene images (used as "context tags") interspersed between them. Later, these words reappeared without the scenes and were followed by an instruction to remember or forget that word. Multivariate pattern analyses of fMRI data revealed that the reactivation of context information associated with the studied words (i.e., scene-related activity) was greater whereas the item-related information diminished after a forget instruction compared to a remember instruction. Critically, we found the magnitude of the separation between item information and context information predicted successful forgetting. These results suggest that the unbinding of an item from its context may support the intention to forget, and more generally they establish that contextual processing indeed contributes to item-method DF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.