ArticleBMC immunology2021
Differential polarization and the expression of efferocytosis receptor MerTK on M1 and M2 macrophages isolated from coronary artery disease patients.
Article in BMC immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monocytes strongly induce (myo)fibroblast contraction in a 3D skin model to understand inflammation-fibrosis crosstalk.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- AUBFM01 Phage as a Therapeutic Candidate Against MDRMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- A MERTK-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate Selectively Depletes M2 Tumor-Associated Macrophages and MERTK-Expressing Cancer Cells.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Transmitophagy in the heart: An overview of molecular mechanisms and implications for pathophysiology.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Molecular basis of coronary artery disease-malignancy comorbidity: inflammation, immunometabolism, thrombosis, and cardio-oncology translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Phenotypical and Functional Effect of PGE2 on Human Macrophages.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Enhancing Chemosensitivity With Quercetin: Mechanistic Insights Into MerTK and Associated Signaling Pathways.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Exosome-mediated effects of BRCA1 on cardiovascular artery disease.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic progress in atherosclerosis: bridging immune inflammation and precision medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Macrophage-driven exosomes regulate the progression of cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic targeting of the functionally elusive TAM receptor family.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Macrophage Heterogeneity and Efferocytosis: Beyond the M1/M2 Dichotomy.Circulation research · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of continual efferocytosis by macrophages and its role in mitigating atherosclerosis.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2023Review
- A Bibliometric and Knowledge-Map Analysis of Macrophage Polarization in Atherosclerosis From 2001 to 2021.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDifferential polarization of macrophage into M1 and M2 mediates atherosclerotic plaque clearance through efferocytosis. Higher expression of Mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) on M2 macrophage helps in maintaining macrophage efferocytic efficiency. In healthy individuals, macrophage polarization into M1 and M2 occurs in tissues in concomitance with the acquisition of functional phenotypes depending on specific microenvironment stimuli. However, whether the macrophage differential polarization and MerTK expression vary in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients remain unknown.
objectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophage from CAD patients as well as to investigate the expression of MerTK in these macrophage phenotypes.
methodsA total of 14 (n) CAD patients were recruited and subsequently grouped into "no apparent CAD", "non-obstructive CAD" and "obstructive CAD" according to the degree of stenosis. Thirty ml of venous blood was withdrawn to obtain monocyte from the patients. The M1 macrophage was generated by treating the monocyte with GMCSF, LPS and IFN-γ while MCSF, IL-4 and IL-13 were employed to differentiate monocyte into M2 macrophage. After 7 days of polarization, analysis of cell surface differentiation markers (CD86
resultsBoth M1 and M2 macrophage expressed similar level of CD86, CD80 and CD206 in all groups of CAD patients. MerTK expression in no apparent CAD patients was significantly higher in M2 macrophage compared to M1 macrophage [12.58 ± 4.40 vs. 6.58 ± 1.37, p = 0.040].
conclusionDifferential polarization of macrophage into M1 and M2 was highly dynamic and can be varied due to the microenvironment stimuli in atherosclerotic plaque. Besides, higher expression of MerTK in patients with the least coronary obstructive suggest its vital involvement in efferocytosis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.