ArticleCirculation. Heart failure2021
Race- and Sex-Specific Population Attributable Fractions of Incident Heart Failure: A Population-Based Cohort Study From the Lifetime Risk Pooling Project.
Article in Circulation. Heart failure, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The social context and environment as targets for heart failure prevention.Heart failure reviews · 2026Review
- Attributable Risk of Hypertension for Cardiovascular Disease.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Population attributable risk of traditional, under-recognised and female-specific factors for heart failure in women.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2026Article
- Sugar rationing during the first 1000 days of life and lifelong risk of heart failure.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Body Mass Index vs Body Fat Percentage as a Predictor of Mortality in Adults Aged 20-49 Years.Annals of family medicine · 2025Article
- Intersectional analysis for science and technology.Nature · 2025Review
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- A deep learning digital biomarker to detect hypertension and stratify cardiovascular risk from the electrocardiogram.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Changing the paradigm in heart failure: shifting from treatment to prevention.Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Estimating and displaying population attributable fractions using the R package: graphPAF.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- High Variability of Body Mass Index Is Independently Associated With Incident Heart Failure.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- Article
- Genes, environment, and African ancestry in cardiometabolic disorders.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2023Review
- Prognosis and Personalized In Silico Prediction of Treatment Efficacy in Cardiovascular and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association Between End-Stage Liver Disease and Incident Heart Failure in an Integrated Health System.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2023Review
- Sex and gender differences in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: An update.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRace- and sex-specific differences in heart failure (HF) risk may be related to differential burden and effect of risk factors. We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF), which incorporates both prevalence and excess risk of HF associated with each risk factor (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, and hyperlipidemia), in specific race-sex groups.
methodsA pooled cohort was created using harmonized data from 6 US longitudinal population-based cohorts. Baseline measurements of risk factors were used to determine prevalence. Relative risk of incident HF was assessed using a piecewise constant hazards model adjusted for age, education, other modifiable risk factors, and the competing risk of death from non-HF causes. Within each race-sex group, PAF of HF was estimated for each risk factor individually and for all risk factors simultaneously.
resultsOf 38 028 participants, 55% were female and 22% Black. Hypertension had the highest PAF among Black men (28.3% [95% CI, 18.7%-36.7%]) and women (25.8% [95% CI, 16.3%-34.2%]). In contrast, PAF associated with obesity was the highest in White men (21.0% [95% CI, 14.6%-27.0%]) and women (17.9% [95% CI, 12.8%-22.6%]). Diabetes disproportionately contributed to HF in Black women (PAF, 16.4% [95% CI, 12.7%-19.9%]). The cumulative PAF of all 5 risk factors was the highest in Black women (51.9% [95% CI, 39.3%-61.8%]).
conclusionsThe observed differences in contribution of risk factors across race-sex groups can inform tailored prevention strategies to mitigate disparities in HF burden. This novel competing risk analysis suggests that a sizeable proportion of HF risk may not be associated with modifiable risk factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.