Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33761041›Full record

SynthesisHeart failure reviews2022

COVID-19 and myocarditis: a systematic review and overview of current challenges.

Teresa Castiello, Georgios Georgiopoulos, Gherardo Finocchiaro, Monaco Claudia, Andrea Gianatti, Dimitrios Delialis, Alberto Aimo, Sanjay Prasad

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Heart failure reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06364215 (Posterior Wall Substrate Modification Using Irreversible Electroporation for the Treatment of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation), which is not on this map. Cited by 121 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
121citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
27.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06364215 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Posterior Wall Substrate Modification Using Irreversible Electroporation for the Treatment of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

TypeinterventionalSponsorJorge RomeroRan2024 to 2025Enrolled198ConditionsAtrial Fibrillation ParoxysmalArmsFarapulse PFA, Pulmonary Vein Isolation alone, Farapulse PFA, Pulmonary Vein Isolation and Left atrial Posterior Wall Isolation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

121 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 197 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults: Case Finding Through Systematic Review of Electronic Medical Records.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Guideline
  6. Myocarditis in Athletes Recovering from COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Trial
  13. Review
  14. "Bridging the clinical, molecular and genetic perspectives on myocarditis in post-COVID-19 era".International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. ZASP/LDB3-related atypical distal myopathy with subtle cardiac impairment unveiled after COVID-19 infection: a short report.Acta myologica : myopathies and cardiomyopathies : official journal of the Mediterranean Society of Myology · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Teresa Castiello *Department of Cardiology, Croydon Health Service, London, UK.
Georgios Georgiopoulos *School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK.
Gherardo FinocchiaroSchool of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK.
Monaco ClaudiaThe Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andrea GianattiAnatomic Pathology Unit, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
Dimitrios DelialisDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
Alberto AimoScuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy. a.aimo@santannapisa.it.ORCID 0000-0001-9129-9519
Sanjay PrasadRoyal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
King's College London · GBNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GROspedale Papa Giovanni XXIII · ITRoyal Brompton Hospital · GBScuola Superiore Sant'Anna · ITUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Myocardial inflammation in COVID-19 has been documented. Its pathogenesis is not fully elucidated, but the two main theories foresee a direct role of ACE2 receptor and a hyperimmune response, which may also lead to isolated presentation of COVID-19-mediated myocarditis. The frequency and prognostic impact of COVID-19-mediated myocarditis is unknown. This review aims to summarise current evidence on this topic. We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE and Cochrane Library (1/12/19-30/09/20). We also searched clinicaltrials.gov for unpublished studies testing therapies with potential implication for COVID-19-mediated cardiovascular complication. Eligible studies had laboratory confirmed COVID-19 and a clinical and/or histological diagnosis of myocarditis by ESC or WHO/ISFC criteria. Reports of 38 cases were included (26 male patients, 24 aged < 50 years). The first histologically proven case was a virus-negative lymphocytic myocarditis; however, biopsy evidence of myocarditis secondary to SARS-CoV-2 cardiotropism has been recently demonstrated. Histological data was found in 12 cases (8 EMB and 4 autopsies) and CMR was the main imaging modality to confirm a diagnosis of myocarditis (25 patients). There was a substantial variability in biventricular systolic function during the acute episode and in therapeutic regimen used. Five patients died in hospital. Cause-effect relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and myocarditis is difficult to demonstrate. However, current evidence demonstrates myocardial inflammation with or without direct cardiomyocyte damage, suggesting different pathophysiology mechanisms responsible of COVID-mediated myocarditis. Established clinical approaches should be pursued until future evidence support different actions. Large multicentre registries are advisable to elucidate further.

Indexed as

COVID-19MyocarditisHumansMaleMyocytes, CardiacRegistriesSARS-CoV-22019nCoVCardiac damageCardiac injuryCoronavirusCOVID-19Myocardial damageMyocarditisSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID33761041
PMCPMC7988375
OpenAlexW3138672440

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.