ArticlePloS one2021
The prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among pregnant Ghanaian women, a longitudinal study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalences of erythropoiesis-associated micronutrient deficiencies (iron, folate, and vitamin BAnnals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pica practices, anemia, and oral health outcomes: a systemic review.BMC oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Assessment of Nutritional and Nonnutritional Correlates of Anemia in Pregnancy: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study for Public Health Interventions in the Bono East Region of Ghana.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Iron deficiency with and without anemia in pregnancy: A scoping review of prevalence and perinatal impact.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at a Medical Center in Accra, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Magnitude and determinants of iron deficiency anemia among first antenatal care attending pregnant women at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Review of Current Strategies to Address Micronutrient Deficiencies (MNDs) in Ghana: A Scoping Review.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2025Review
- Iron status, anemia, and birth outcomes among pregnant women in urban Bloemfontein, South Africa: the NuEMI study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Multilevel predictors of anaemia among pregnant women in Ghana: New evidence from the 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Inadequate food diversity and food taboo associated with maternal iron deficiency among pregnant women living in slum settlements in Makassar City, Indonesia.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
- Article
- What is the best strategy for iron deficiency anemia prevention and control in Iran? a policy analysis study protocol.PloS one · 2024Article
- Risk factors for anaemia among pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Upper East Region, Ghana.PloS one · 2024Article
- Serum concentration of zinc, copper, iron, and its associated factors among pregnant women of small-scale farming in western Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Fatty Acid Transfer from Blood to Milk Is Disrupted in Mothers with Low Milk Production, Obesity, and Inflammation.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Clinical and laboratory presentation of first-time antenatal care visits of pregnant women in Ghana, a hospital-based study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Malaria in pregnancy control and pregnancy outcomes: a decade's overview using Ghana's DHIMS II data.Malaria journal · 2022Review
- High levels of depressive symptoms and low quality of life are reported during pregnancy in Cape Coast, Ghana; a longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and the potential therapeutic targets of ferroptosis signaling pathways for glioblastoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGestational iron deficiency (ID) can be deleterious to mother and fetus. However, iron status is not routinely measured during pregnancy in Ghana. Therefore, the scope of ID in this population is unknown.
objectiveTo determine the prevalence of anemia and ID across pregnancy in the Central Region of Ghana.
methodsWomen were recruited during their 1st trimester of pregnancy (< 13 weeks; n = 116) and followed through to their 2nd (n = 71) and 3rd (n = 71) trimesters. Data on socio-demographic variables, weekly intake of iron-rich foods and vitamin C-rich fruits were collected. Blood samples were drawn and the concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin (Ft), serum iron (sFe), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), were measured; transferrin saturation (TSAT) was calculated. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine change in anemia and iron variables over time with groups categorized by 1st trimester iron status.
resultsParticipants were 27.1 ± 5.2 years, on average. Prevalence of anemia (Hb <11.0 g/dL) was 37%, 63%, 58%; ID (Ft <15 μg/L) was 16%, 20%, 38%; and iron deficiency anemia (IDA; based on low Ft and Hb) was 6%, 12%, 25% in 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters, respectively. Significant changes in Hb, Ft and TIBC occurred across time. Iron status at 1st trimester had a significant effect on 2nd but not 3rd trimester iron status.
conclusionsID is prevalent in pregnant Ghanaian women, especially during the 3rd trimester. Anemia is a major public health problem during pregnancy in Ghana with a significant proportion due to factors other than ID.
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