Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33760429›Full record

ArticleTrends in psychiatry and psychotherapy2022

Psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory support the hypothesis of a general psychopathological factor.

Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira Serpa, Danielle Souza Costa, Clarice de Medeiros Chaves Ferreira, Mayra Isabel C Pinheiro, Alexandre Paim Diaz, Jonas Jardim de Paula, Debora Marques Miranda, Antônio Geraldo da Silva, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Mend the Gap: Online User-Led Adjuvant Treatment for Psychosis: A Systematic Review on Recent Findings.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira SerpaLaboratório de Neurociências Cognitiva e Social, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Metacognitiv, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Danielle Souza CostaLaboratório de Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Clarice de Medeiros Chaves FerreiraUniversidade FUMEC, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Mayra Isabel C PinheiroSecretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação na Saúde (SGTES), Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Alexandre Paim DiazLouis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Jonas Jardim de PaulaMetacognitiv, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Debora Marques MirandaDepartamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Antônio Geraldo da SilvaAssociação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Leandro Fernandes Malloy-DinizUniversidade FUMEC, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 401542/2020-3Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorMinistério da SaúdePanamerican Health Organization SCON2020-00202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe existence of a general factor related to psychiatric symptoms is supported by studies using a variety of methods in both clinical and non-clinical samples.

objectivesThis study aims to evaluate the replicability of the internal structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory in a large Brazilian sample.

methodsParticipants were 6,427 Brazilian subjects (81% female). Mean age was 42.1 years (standard deviation [SD] = 13.6, Min = 13, Max = 80). All participants completed the online version of the Brief Symptom Inventory. This scale presents a general score (GSI) and nine specific clusters of symptoms (depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, interpersonal sensibility, psychoticism, paranoid ideation, obsessive-compulsive behavior, hostility, and somatization symptoms).

resultsConfirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess the factor structure of the BSI. The results showed that the best-fitting model was a bifactor solution and the general factor was the main dimension explaining most of the reliable variability in the data.

conclusionThe findings suggest that the BSI's internal structure was replicated in a non-clinical sample and that the general factor is the most reliable score. However, it is necessary to better understand the meaning of the general factor scores in a non-clinical sample to increase interpretability of scores.

Indexed as

Mental DisordersAdultAnxiety DisordersFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMalePsychometricsSurveys and Questionnairesmental disordersPsychological factorspsychometricsreproducibility of results

Identifiers

PMID33760429
PMCPMC9972890

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.