ReviewInternational journal of molecular medicine2021
Critical role of mass spectrometry proteomics in tear biomarker discovery for multifactorial ocular diseases (Review).
Review in International journal of molecular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Canine Tear Proteomics: A New Frontier in Veterinary Ophthalmology.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Association of IL-8 and IL-18 Expression With Histone-Associated NETosis in Aqueous-Deficient and Evaporative Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Transcending genome-wide association studies to create useful multi-omic views of glaucoma.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- Fast nanoDSF Tear Fluid Profiling: Toward Diagnosis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- A comprehensive review of tear fluid proteome alterations in dry eye disease: Insights into pathophysiology and biomarker potential.The ocular surface · 2026Review
- Proteomic Analysis of Tear Film in Dogs and Cats: Emerging Biomarkers of Cognitive Dysfunction and Neurodegenerative Disorders.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Proteome Analysis of Nasolacrimal Duct Lavage Fluid in Patients with Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular landscape connecting complications of dry eye disease: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and future innovations.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Tear fluid database: a reference website for tear fluid proteomics.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2026Article
- Tear Protein Alteration in Dogs with Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Diabetic dry eye: advances in pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- High-Throughput Tear Proteomics Reveals Multi-Faceted Signatures of Thyroid Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Comparative Tear Fluid Proteomics to Explore Treatment Responsiveness in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Pilot Study.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Tear Fluid Biomarkers in Diabetic Ocular Surface Disease: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Tear Proteome Analysis with Patients with Primary Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The ocular surface tear film as a biomarker for systemic health.The ocular surface · 2025Review
- Candidate Tear-Based Uveitis Biomarkers in Children with JIA Based on Arthritis Activity and Topical Corticosteroid Use.Ocular immunology and inflammation · 2025Article
- Proteomic Analysis of Tear Films in Healthy Female and Male Dogs Using MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desortion/Ionization Time-of-Flight) Mass Spectrometry.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Tear-Based Ocular Wearable Biosensors for Human Health Monitoring.Biosensors · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tear film is a layer of body fluid that maintains the homeostasis of the ocular surface. The superior accessibility of tears and the presence of a high concentration of functional proteins make tears a potential medium for the discovery of non‑invasive biomarkers in ocular diseases. Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled determination of an in‑depth proteome profile, improved sensitivity, faster acquisition speed, proven variety of acquisition methods, and identification of disease biomarkers previously lacking in the field of ophthalmology. The use of MS allows efficient discovery of tear proteins, generation of reproducible results, and, more importantly, determines changes of protein quantity and post‑translation modifications in microliter samples. The present review compared techniques for tear collection, sample preparation, and acquisition applied for the discovery of tear protein markers in normal subjects and multifactorial conditions, including dry eye syndrome, diabetic retinopathy, thyroid eye disease and primary open‑angle glaucoma, which require an early diagnosis for treatment. It also summarized the contribution of MS to early discovery by means of disease‑related protein markers in tear fluid and the potential for transformation of the tear MS‑based proteome to antibody‑based assay for future clinical application.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.