ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2021
Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Inequalities in COVID-19 Diagnosis Rates by Area-Level Black/African American Racial Composition.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of how social connectedness influences associations between racism and discrimination on health outcomes.Epidemiologic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Both neighborhood and individual-level social cohesion are associated with testing for HIV in Southeastern Pennsylvania adult population.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- The Role of Testing and Vaccination in Mediating Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Prevalence in Southern Nevada.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Social Cohesion and COVID-19: Integrative Review.Interactive journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Social epidemiology of urban COVID-19 inequalities in Latin America and Canada.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Racial Composition of Social Environments Over the Life Course Using the Pictorial Racial Composition Measure: Development and Validation Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Current approaches to measuring local racial and ethnic residential segregation in population health studies.Current epidemiology reports · 2024Article
- Church Closings Were Associated with Higher COVID-19 Infection Rates: Implications for Community Health Equity.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2023Article
- Analysis of COVID-19 Case Demographics and Disease Outcomes in Gary, Indiana.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- A data-driven approach to quantify disparities in power outages.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on community violence in Connecticut.American journal of surgery · 2023Article
- Community-Level Social Support to Mitigate the Impact of Combined Frailty and Multimorbidity on Psychological Distress Among Rural Chinese Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multilevel Modeling Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- An Iterative, Participatory Approach to Developing a Neighborhood-Level Indicator System of Health and Wellbeing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Urban Determinants of COVID-19 Spread: a Comparative Study across Three Cities in New York State.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Article
- Salir Adelante: Social capital and resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic in Argentina.Health & place · 2022Article
- Is race-specific neighborhood social cohesion key to reducing racial disparities in late HIV diagnosis: A multiyear ecological study.Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Rollouts and the Reproduction of Urban Spatial Inequality: Disparities Within Large US Cities in March and April 2021 by Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Composition.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Article
- Social Determinants of Disease: HIV and COVID-19 Experiences.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- HIV Infection Prevalence Significantly Intersects With COVID-19 Infection At the Area Level: A US County-Level Analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Geographic inequalities in COVID-19 diagnosis are now well documented. However, we do not sufficiently know whether inequalities are related to social characteristics of communities, such as collective engagement. We tested whether neighborhood social cohesion is associated with inequalities in COVID-19 diagnosis rate and the extent the association varies across neighborhood racial composition. We calculated COVID-19 diagnosis rates in Philadelphia, PA, per 10,000 general population across 46 ZIP codes, as of April 2020. Social cohesion measures were from the Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey, 2018. We estimated Poisson regressions to quantify associations between social cohesion and COVID-19 diagnosis rate, testing a multiplicative interaction with Black racial composition in the neighborhood, which we operationalize via a binary indicator of ZIP codes above vs. below the city-wide average (41%) Black population. Two social cohesion indicators were significantly associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. Associations varied across Black neighborhood racial composition (p <0.05 for the interaction test). In ZIP codes with ≥41% of Black people, higher collective engagement was associated with an 18% higher COVID-19 diagnosis rate (IRR=1.18, 95%CI=1.11, 1.26). In contrast, areas with <41% of Black people, higher engagement was associated with a 26% lower diagnosis rate (IRR=0.74, 95%CI=0.67, 0.82). Neighborhood social cohesion is associated with both higher and lower COVID-19 diagnosis rates, and the extent of associations varies across Black neighborhood racial composition. We recommend some strategies for reducing inequalities based on the segmentation model within the social cohesion and public health intervention framework.
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