Review3D printing in medicine2021
3D printing in neurosurgery education: a review.
Review in 3D printing in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clinical Application of FDM 3D Printing in Surgery and Traumatology: A Systematic Review.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Pooled it
- Training models and simulators for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: a systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2023Pooled it
- Extended Reality in Neurosurgical Education: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Three-dimensional printing in otolaryngology education: a systematic review.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Pooled it
- Surgical Treatment of Meningioma with Situs Inversus Totalis Assisted by 3D Technology: A Case ReportCurrent medical imaging · 2026Article
- Article
- Innovations in neurosurgical education: the role of neurosurgical labs at neuroscience hospital of Baghdad in enhancing surgical skills.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Enhancing skull base tumor management: the combination of 3D printing technology and endoscopic surgical techniques.3D printing in medicine · 2025Article
- 3-Dimensional printing and bioprinting in neurological sciences: applications in surgery, imaging, tissue engineering, and pharmacology and therapeutics.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2025Review
- Overcoming Barriers in Neurosurgical Education: Introducing a Simulator for Insular Glioma Resection with Fluorescence Imaging (SIGMA).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- 3D printing in medicine: bridging imaging, education, and practice.Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases · 2025Article
- Digital neurosurgery in the era of intelligent medicine: a scoping review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Feasibility and practicality of a novel teaching aid for microvascular anastomosis simulation training in neurosurgery generated by 3D printing.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Progress in 3D Printing Applications for the Management of Orbital Disorders: A Systematic Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Extended Reality-Based Head-Mounted Displays for Surgical Education: A Ten-Year Systematic Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Integration of 3D Virtual Reality and 3D Printing Technology as Innovative Approaches to Preoperative Planning in Neuro-Oncology.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Breaking boundaries in neurosurgery through art and technology: A historical perspective.Brain & spine · 2024Review
- Exploring the transformative role of 3D printing in advancing medical education in Africa: a review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Review
- Exploring the Impact of Using Patient-Specific 3D Prints during Consent for Skull Base Neurosurgery.Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2023Article
- Bespoke Implants for Cranial Reconstructions: Preoperative to Postoperative Surgery Management System.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe objectives of this manuscript were to review the literature concerning 3D printing of brain and cranial vault pathology and use these data to define the gaps in global utilization of 3D printing technology for neurosurgical education.
methodsUsing specified criteria, literature searching was conducted to identify publications describing engineered neurosurgical simulators. Included in the study were manuscripts highlighting designs validated for neurosurgical skill transfer. Purely anatomical designs, lacking aspects of surgical simulation, were excluded. Eligible manuscripts were analyzed. Data on the types of simulators, representing the various modelled neurosurgical pathologies, were recorded. Authors' countries of affiliation were also recorded.
resultsA total of thirty-six articles, representing ten countries in five continents were identified. Geographically, Africa as a continent was not represented in any of the publications. The simulation-modelling encompassed a variety of neurosurgical subspecialties including: vascular, skull base, ventriculoscopy / ventriculostomy, craniosynostosis, skull lesions / skull defects, intrinsic brain tumor and other. Finally, the vascular and skull base categories together accounted for over half (52.8 %) of the 3D printed simulated neurosurgical pathology.
conclusionsDespite the growing body of literature supporting 3D printing in neurosurgical education, its full potential has not been maximized. Unexplored areas of 3D printing for neurosurgical simulation include models simulating the resection of intrinsic brain tumors or of epilepsy surgery lesions, as these require complex models to accurately simulate fine dissection techniques. 3D printed surgical phantoms offer an avenue for the advancement of global-surgery education initiatives.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.