ArticleNeuro-oncology advances
Human gut microbial communities dictate efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in a humanized microbiome mouse model of glioma.
Article in Neuro-oncology advances. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut Microbiota and Central Nervous System Tumors: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Microbiome-CNS Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond the blood-brain barrier: humanised mice, the missing link in glioblastoma research.Oncogene · 2026Review
- The Microbiome in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Tumor-Immune Interactions, and Translational Perspectives.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- The emerging role of microbiota in neuro-oncology.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Neuroinflammation Crosstalk in Primary Brain Tumors: Focus on Glioblastoma.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- Enterotype-specific microbial biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor response revealed by large-scale integrated metagenomic analysis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Gut microbiota and glioblastoma: composition, mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
- Microbial and metabolic signatures of humanized microbiome mice associate withFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Crosstalk in the brain tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical advances.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (3H3MB) suppresses glioma growth and extends survival in mice.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Human microbiota influence the immune cell composition and gene expression in the tumor environment of a murine model of glioma.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Combined Tumor Cell and Lysate-Based Vaccines for Immunotherapy of Primary and Recurrent Glioblastoma (GBM).Cancers · 2025Review
- The Gut-Brain Axis in Brain Tumors: Insights into Tumor Development, Progression, and Therapy.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Microbial riboflavin inhibits ceramide synthase 3 to lower ceramide (d18:1/26:0) and delay colorectal cancer progression.Cell metabolism · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota and their influence in brain cancer milieu.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Review
- The Role of Gut Microbiome on Glioblastoma Oncogenesis and Malignant Evolution.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The bacterial microbiome modulates the initiation of brain metastasis by impacting the gut-to-brain axis.iScience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough immunotherapy works well in glioblastoma (GBM) preclinical mouse models, the therapy has not demonstrated efficacy in humans. To address this anomaly, we developed a novel humanized microbiome (HuM) model to study the response to immunotherapy in a preclinical mouse model of GBM.
methodsWe used 5 healthy human donors for fecal transplantation of gnotobiotic mice. After the transplanted microbiomes stabilized, the mice were bred to generate 5 independent humanized mouse lines (HuM1-HuM5).
resultsAnalysis of shotgun metagenomic sequencing data from fecal samples revealed a unique microbiome with significant differences in diversity and microbial composition among HuM1-HuM5 lines. All HuM mouse lines were susceptible to GBM transplantation, and exhibited similar median survival ranging from 19 to 26 days. Interestingly, we found that HuM lines responded differently to the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1. Specifically, we demonstrate that HuM1, HuM4, and HuM5 mice are nonresponders to anti-PD-1, while HuM2 and HuM3 mice are responsive to anti-PD-1 and displayed significantly increased survival compared to isotype controls. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis of the 5 HuM gut microbial communities revealed that responders HuM2 and HuM3 were closely related, and detailed taxonomic comparison analysis revealed that
conclusionsThe results of our study establish the utility of humanized microbiome mice as avatars to delineate features of the host interaction with gut microbial communities needed for effective immunotherapy against GBM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.