ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2021
Textured and Smooth Implant Use Reported in the Tracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons Database: Epidemiologic Implications for BIA-ALCL.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Risk of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Breast Augmentation with Inferior Muscular Support: The Indication, Technique Evolution, and Outcomes.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma of the Breast by Race and Ethnicity.JAMA network open · 2025Observational
- Unveiling the Controversy: A Literature Review on the Link Between Textured Implants and Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Module Creation Within the TOPS Registry: An Opportunity for Longitudinal Collection of Procedure-specific Clinical Outcomes.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Smooth Operator: Nanotextured Breast Tissue Expanders Are Associated with Lower Rates of Capsular Contracture.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- ASO Author Reflections: Approaching BIA-ACL Diagnosis and Treatment.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Early Complications in Prepectoral Tissue Expander-Based Breast Reconstruction.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Surgical Management and Long-Term Outcomes of BIA-ALCL: A Multidisciplinary Approach.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Textured versus Smooth Tissue Expanders: A Comparison of Complications in 3526 Breast Reconstructions.Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2024Article
- A Multicentric and Retrospective Clinical Study: 2 Year Follow-up Results for Breast Surgery With Perle Smooth Opaque Silicone Breast Implants.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2024Article
- Prepectoral and Retropectoral Breast-implant-Associated Anaplastic Large-cell Lymphoma.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Mortality Rate in Breast Implant Surgery: Is an Additional Procedure Worthwhile to Mitigate BIA-ALCL Risk?Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2023Review
- The evaluation of the delayed swollen breast in patients with a history of breast implants.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- 2022 Practice Recommendation Updates From the World Consensus Conference on BIA-ALCL.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Breast-implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is associated with prolonged exposure to textured implants. Current studies describing textured implant use are limited to single center/surgeon experiences. Using the Tracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons database, the study aims to characterize national trends in rates of smooth versus textured implant utilization. The hypothesis is that rates of textured implant use have decreased in the most recent time period.
methodsTracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons was queried from 2007 to 2019 for CPT codes involving breast implant use in augmentation and reconstruction. The rate of smooth and textured implant utilization was calculated for each year per procedure type. Generalized additive models with a smoothing function and Pearson chi-square tests were used to assess the trends.
resultsTextured implant use peaked in 2016, being utilized in 17.83% of cosmetic and 40.88% of reconstructive procedures. Textured implants were more commonly used for reconstructive compared with cosmetic cases for 2007-2009, 2011, and 2013-2019 (
conclusionsThis is the first national study describing trends in textured versus smooth breast implant use in the United States. Textured implant utilization peaked in 2016. Based on a median time horizon of 10 years before development of BIA-ALCL, the peak number of cases can be anticipated in 2026 or thereafter.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.